United States v. Lindsay ( 2012 )

11-5365
United States v. Lindsay
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO
A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS
GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S
LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH
THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING
A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY
COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Daniel Patrick Moynihan Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York, on the 26th day
of December, two thousand twelve.
Present:
ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
RICHARD C. WESLEY,
Circuit Judges,
________________________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
v. No. 11-5365
RAMEEK LINDSAY,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________
For Defendant-Appellant: David A. Lewis, Assistant Federal Public
Defender, Federal Defenders of New York, Inc.,
New York, N.Y.
For Appellee: Jo Ann M. Navickas, Marcia M. Henry,
Assistant United States Attorneys, for Loretta E.
Lynch, United States Attorney for the Eastern
District of New York, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
(Glasser, J.).
ON CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and
DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Defendant-Appellant Rameek Lindsay appeals from a December 5, 2011 judgment of the
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Glasser, J.). The district court
revoked his term of supervised release after Lindsay admitted to violating the terms of his
supervised release by unlawfully using marijuana and sentenced him, following his admission, to
a ten-month term of imprisonment and two years of supervised release. On appeal, Lindsay
contends that the district court’s sentence was procedurally unreasonable because the district
court failed to calculate the applicable Sentencing Guidelines range on the record. We presume
the parties’ familiarity with the facts and procedural history of this case.
When we review a district court’s sentencing decision for procedural unreasonableness,
we evaluate whether the district court committed a “significant procedural error.” Gall v. United
States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 (2007). With respect to the Guidelines, district courts are required to
begin all sentencing proceedings by calculating the Guidelines range because that range is the
benchmark for sentencing. United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 189 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc).
A district court “commits procedural error where it fails to calculate the Guidelines range[,] . . .
makes a mistake in its Guidelines calculation, or treats the Guidelines as mandatory.” Id. at 190(internal citations omitted). Because Lindsay did not raise his procedural objection to the district
court at the time of sentencing, we review his claim for plain error. United States v. Wagner-
Dano, 679 F.3d 83, 88 (2d Cir. 2012); United States v. Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 128 (2d Cir.
2008). Lindsay must demonstrate that: “(1) there is an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious,
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rather than subject to reasonable dispute; (3) the error affected the appellant’s substantial rights,
which in the ordinary case means it affected the outcome of the district court proceedings; and
(4) the error seriously affect[ed] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial
proceedings.” United States v. Marcus, 130 S. Ct. 2159, 2164 (2010) (internal quotation marks
omitted).
Here, the Report on Violation of Supervised Release (“Report”) prepared by the
Probation Department calculated Lindsay’s Guidelines range as 6-12 months. After Lindsay
admitted to the charged violations in open court, his attorney attempted to clarify the applicable
Guidelines range before proceeding to sentencing. The district court confirmed that the Report
had mistakenly assigned a Criminal History Category of IV to Lindsay, rather than the correct
category of III. Defense counsel noted that this correction resulted in a “minor change to the
guidelines [range],” but the district court did not recalculate Lindsay’s corrected Guidelines
range of 5-11 months on the record. After considering the factors relevant to Lindsay’s violation
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), the district court sentenced Lindsay to ten months of
imprisonment and two years of supervised release.
Under our existing precedent, the district court erred by not recalculating the correct
Guidelines range applicable to Lindsay’s violation after it noted the Report’s incorrect
calculation. See Cavera, 550 F.3d at 190. This was clear error. Nevertheless, we find that
Lindsay has failed to demonstrated that this error affected his substantial rights, as he failed to
show that there exists “a reasonable probability that the error affected the outcome of the
[proceeding].” Marcus, 130 S. Ct. at 2164; see also United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 734
(1993) (holding defendant bears burden of persuasion with respect to prejudice).
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The district court provided extensive reasoning for its decision to impose a 10-month
sentence, which it rested on Lindsay’s lack of motivation to obey the conditions of his
supervised release and his general disrespect for the law. The district court had already noted on
the record that the Guidelines range of 6-12 months in the Report was too high, correctly
indicating that Lindsay’s Criminal History Category should have been calculated as III not IV.
Lindsay’s counsel noted that this correction resulted in only a “minor” adjustment to the
Guidelines range. Given this, and given the district court’s thorough consideration of the
circumstances surrounding Lindsay’s violation and the factors set forth in section 3553(a), there
is no “reasonable probability” that the district court’s failure to place the correct 5-11 months
Guidelines Range on the record affected Lindsay’s sentence. See Marcus, 130 S. Ct. at 2164(rejecting a standard finding plain error whenever there is “any possibility, no matter how
unlikely,” that the error affected the outcome of the proceeding (emphasis omitted)).1 The
district court’s failure to recalculate the Guidelines range on the record did not affect Lindsay’s
1
Additionally, the 10-month sentence imposed by the district court fell within both the
incorrect Guidelines range in the Report and the actual Guidelines range. In such a case, “we . . .
inquire[] into whether the sentence was based particularly on its relative position in the
(incorrect) Guidelines range, or whether the record indicates that the same sentence would have
been imposed even if a lower range were applicable.” Sapia v. United States, 433 F.3d 212, 218
(2d Cir. 2005). The record makes clear that this is not a case, for example, where the district
court explicitly intended to impose a “middle of the Guidelines” sentence yet incorrectly
calculated that range. Compare United States v. Keigue, 318 F.3d 437, 444–45 (2d Cir. 2003)
(holding, where district court expressed intent to impose sentence in the “middle” of the
Guidelines, there was reasonable probability that court’s incorrect calculation of Guidelines
range affected sentence imposed), with Sapia, 433 F.3d at 218–19 (distinguishing Keigue and
holding, where district court indicated desire to impose sentence within Guidelines range of
235–293 months but “above” 235 months before imposing sentence of 270 months, there was no
reasonable probability that incorrectly concluding defendant was subject to mandatory minimum
sentence of 240 months affected the sentence imposed), and United States v. Diaz, 176 F.3d 52,
118 (2d Cir. 1999) (holding, where district court rejected request for downward departure,
sentence imposed within either of two arguably applicable Guidelines ranges did not affect
defendant’s substantial rights resulting in a manifest injustice).
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substantial rights, nor did it seriously affect the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the
judicial process. Id. at 2166 (suggesting that, “in most circumstances, an error that does not
affect the [outcome] does not significantly impugn the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of
the judicial process” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Lindsay has not demonstrated plain
error.
Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
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