United States v. Sealed Vehicle 1 , 440 F. App'x 22 ( 2011 )


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  •          10-190-cr(L)
    United States v. Camilo et al.
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
    SUMMARY ORDER
    RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1,
    2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.
    WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
    ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
    ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
    1            At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
    2       for the Second Circuit, held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan
    3       United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of
    4       New York, on the 11th day of October, two thousand eleven.
    5
    6       PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI,
    7                RICHARD C. WESLEY,
    8                GERARD E. LYNCH,
    9                         Circuit Judges.
    10
    11
    12
    13       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    14
    15                                     Appellee-Cross-Appellant,
    16
    17                      -v.-                                 10-190-cr(L), 10-268(CON),
    18                                                           10-418-xr(XAP)
    19
    20       SEALED VEHICLE #1, SEALED VEHICLE #2, FAUSTO HINOJSA,
    21
    22                                     Defendants,
    23
    24       RAMON CAMILO,
    25
    26                                     Defendant-Appellant,
    27
    28       EMILIA RODRIGUEZ,
    29
    30                                     Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee.
    31
    32
    33
    1   FOR APPELLANT:     PAUL EVANGELISTA, Assistant Federal
    2                      Public Defender, Northern District of New
    3                      York, Albany NY.
    4
    5   FOR APPELLANT-
    6   CROSS-APPELLEE:    GASPAR M. CASTILLO, JR., Parker &
    7                      Castillo, Albany, NY.
    8
    9   FOR APPELLEE-
    10   CROSS-APPELLANT:   PAUL D. SILVER, Assistant United States
    11                      Attorney (Terrence M. Kelly, Assistant
    12                      United States Attorney, on the brief),
    13                      for Richard S. Hartunian, United States
    14                      Attorney for the Northern District of New
    15                      York, Albany, NY.
    16
    17        Appeal from the United States District Court for the
    18   Northern District of New York (Hurd, J.).
    19
    20       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED
    21   AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court be
    22   AFFIRMED in part and VACATED and REMANDED in part.
    23       Ramon Camilo and Emilia Rodriguez appeal from January
    24   15, 2010 judgments of the United States District Court for
    25   the Northern District of New York (Hurd, J.).   With regard
    26   to Rodriguez, the government cross-appeals the district
    27   court’s determination that granted her motion to set aside
    28   the jury determination that found that she was accountable
    29   for more than 100 grams of heroin.   We review each in turn.
    30   We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying
    31   facts, the procedural history, and the issues presented for
    32   review.
    2
    1        Camilo pled guilty to conspiring to distribute and
    2    possess with intent to distribute heroin, in violation of 21
    3    U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1).   He contends that the district
    4    court erred in calculating his Sentencing Guidelines range
    5    by applying a two-level enhancement for his role as an
    6    “organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor” in connection
    7    with the drug conspiracy.   See U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(c).    “[W]e
    8    review a district court’s determination that a defendant
    9    deserves a leadership enhancement under § 3B1.1 de novo, but
    10   we review the court’s findings of fact supporting its
    11   conclusion only for clear error.”   United States v.
    12   Hertular, 
    562 F.3d 433
    , 449 (2d Cir. 2009).
    13       The trial evidence establishes that Camilo exercised
    14   some degree of control over Rodriguez in the functioning of
    15   the conspiracy by having her sell heroin to his customers
    16   when he was unavailable and that he directed Rodriguez to
    17   perform other duties that aided the conspiracy.   See United
    18   States v. Garcia, 
    413 F.3d 201
    , 223 (2d Cir. 2005).     Thus,
    19   the district court did not err by applying the two-level
    20   role enhancement.
    21       Rodriguez was convicted of conspiring to distribute and
    22   possess with intent to distribute heroin following a jury
    3
    1    trial.     The district court granted her motion to set aside
    2    the jury determination that she was accountable for more
    3    than 100 grams of heroin and sentenced Rodriguez to
    4    twenty-one months imprisonment and four years supervised
    5    release.     The government cross-appeals from the district
    6    court’s grant of that motion.
    7        Rodriguez first contends that her conviction is not
    8    supported by sufficient evidence.     We review sufficiency
    9    challenges de novo.     United States v. Andino, 
    627 F.3d 41
    ,
    10   49 (2d Cir. 2010).     “It is well-established that a defendant
    11   challenging the sufficiency of the evidence bears a heavy
    12   burden.”     United States v. Rojas, 
    617 F.3d 669
    , 674 (2d Cir.
    13   2010) (internal quotation marks omitted).     We must view the
    14   evidence in the light most favorable to the government and
    15   “uphold the jury’s verdict as long as any rational trier of
    16   fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
    17   beyond a reasonable doubt.”     
    Id. (internal quotation
    marks
    18   omitted).     Rodriguez cannot meet this heavy burden.   One of
    19   the government’s witnesses at trial testified that he had
    20   purchased heroin directly from Rodriguez on twenty to thirty
    21   occasions.     Moreover, as discussed in greater detail below,
    22   there was ample evidence to support the inference that
    4
    1    Rodriguez was an active participant in Camilo’s heroin
    2    distribution activities.    After a thorough review of the
    3    evidence presented at trial, we conclude that Rodriguez’s
    4    sufficiency challenge fails.
    5        Rodriguez also contends that the government’s witnesses
    6    were not credible, warranting a new trial under Rule 33 of
    7    the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.    “We review
    8    challenges to a district court’s denial of a Rule 33 motion
    9    for an abuse of discretion and accept the district court’s
    10   factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous.”     United
    11   States v. McCourty, 
    562 F.3d 458
    , 475 (2d Cir. 2009)
    12   (internal quotation marks omitted).    “Because the courts
    13   generally must defer to the jury’s resolution of conflicting
    14   evidence and assessment of witness credibility, ‘[i]t is
    15   only where exceptional circumstances can be demonstrated
    16   that the trial judge may intrude upon the jury function of
    17   credibility assessment.’”    
    Id. (quoting United
    States v.
    18   Sanchez, 
    969 F.2d 1409
    , 1414 (2d Cir. 1992)).
    19       Once again, Rodriguez cannot meet this high burden.
    20   Rodriguez’s claims of patently incredible testimony are
    21   unavailing and do not rise to the level of exceptional
    22   circumstances to warrant setting aside the verdict and
    5
    1    granting a new trial.     Accordingly, the district court did
    2    not err in denying Rodriguez’s motion for a new trial.
    3        On cross-appeal, the government contends that the
    4    district court erred in setting aside the jury’s verdict as
    5    to drug quantity.   The district court purported to act
    6    pursuant to Rule 29 of the Federal Rules of Criminal
    7    Procedure, which provides that “the court on the defendant’s
    8    motion must enter a judgment of acquittal of any offense for
    9    which the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction.”
    10   This was a ruling regarding the legal sufficiency of the
    11   evidence, for which our standard of review is de novo.        See
    12   
    Andino, 627 F.3d at 49
    .
    13       It is well established that a judgment of acquittal may
    14   be entered only where the evidence of guilt is so lacking
    15   that, drawing all inferences in the government’s favor, “no
    16   rational trier of fact could have found the essential
    17   elements of the crime.”     United States v. Velasquez, 271
    
    18 F.3d 364
    , 370 (2d Cir. 2001) (internal quotation marks
    19   omitted).   In this case, we cannot agree with the district
    20   court that the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to
    21   support the jury’s finding as to drug quantity.     In order to
    22   prove that Rodriguez conspired to distribute more than 100
    6
    1    grams of heroin, the government was not required to
    2    establish that she personally handled that amount.    Rather,
    3    the issue was whether she could reasonably have foreseen
    4    that the conspiracy would involve more than 100 grams.
    5    United States v. Johnson, 
    633 F.3d 116
    , 118 (2d Cir. 2011).
    6    The jury was correctly instructed in that regard.
    7        As the district court recognized, the testimony at
    8    trial established that Rodriguez was personally involved in
    9    distributing at least forty grams of heroin.   But there was
    10   additional evidence from which the jury could infer that
    11   Rodriguez knew of other occasions on which customers who had
    12   dealt with her bought heroin directly from Camilo.    The jury
    13   also heard tape-recorded telephone conversations between
    14   Camilo and potential buyers in which Camilo suggested that
    15   Rodriguez was “the same as [him]” and could provide heroin
    16   in his absence, and in which Camilo recounted that he had
    17   unsuccessfully attempted to use Rodriguez as the purchasing
    18   agent for his heroin, because the wholesaler had refused to
    19   deal with her.   Based on this evidence, the jury could
    20   reasonably have concluded that Rodriguez could have foreseen
    21   that the conspiracy involved more than 100 grams of heroin.
    22
    7
    1        We have considered Appellants’ remaining arguments and
    2    find them to be without merit.    Therefore, we AFFIRM the
    3    judgment of conviction against Camilo in all respects.     With
    4    regard to Rodriguez, we AFFIRM the judgment of conviction to
    5    the extent that it was supported by sufficient evidence.      We
    6    VACATE the sentence imposed on Rodriguez and REMAND to the
    7    district court for resentencing in accordance with the
    8    jury’s finding that more than 100 grams of heroin were
    9    attributable to Rodriguez.
    10       AFFIRMED in part and VACATED and REMANDED in part.
    11
    12                                FOR THE COURT:
    13                                Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
    14
    8