Spliethoff Transport B v. v. Phyto-Charter Inc. ( 2022 )

21-1359
Spliethoff Transport B.V. v. Phyto-Charter Inc.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION
TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS
GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S
LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH
THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY
CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City
of New York, on the 15th day of April, two thousand twenty-two.
PRESENT:
AMALYA L. KEARSE,
RICHARD J. SULLIVAN,
BETH ROBINSON,
Circuit Judges.
_____________________________________
SPLIETHOFF TRANSPORT B.V.,
Petitioner-Appellee,
v. No. 21-1359
PHYTO-CHARTER INC.,
Respondent-Appellant.
_____________________________________
FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT: Stephean C. Chute, Cape Elizabeth, ME.
FOR PETITIONER-APPELLEE: Peter Skoufalos, Brown Gavalas &
Fromm LLP, New York, NY.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York (J. Paul Oetken, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that this appeal is DISMISSED for want of
jurisdiction.
Phyto-Charter Inc. (“Phyto-Charter”) appeals an order of the district court
that compelled arbitration of its dispute with Spliethoff Transport B.V.
(“Spliethoff”). The order also directed Phyto-Charter to agree to the arbitrator
already appointed by Spliethoff or to appoint a second arbitrator by May 27, 2021,
advising that if Phyto-Charter did neither, the court would appoint an arbitrator
on Phyto-Charter’s behalf. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the
underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
As in any appeal, we must first examine whether we have jurisdiction. See
Henrietta D. v. Giuliani, 246 F.3d 176, 178–79 (2d Cir. 2001). In this case, that
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requires us to determine if the district court’s order constitutes a final appealable
decision within the meaning of the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”). See 9 U.S.C.
§ 16(a)(3). Because we conclude that the district court’s order was not a final
decision, we dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
The FAA provides that “[a]n appeal may be taken from . . . a final decision
with respect to an arbitration that is subject to” the FAA. Id. For the purposes
of section 16(a)(3), a “final decision” is one “that ends the litigation on the merits
and leaves nothing more for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Green
Tree Fin. Corp.-Ala. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79, 86 (2000) (citations and quotation
marks omitted); see also Chai v. Comm’r of Internal Revenue, 851 F.3d 190, 205 (2d
Cir. 2017) (“An order is an appealable final decision [under the materially similar
28 U.S.C. § 1291 rules] only when it was ‘clearly intended to end a litigation.’”)
(quoting SongByrd, Inc. v. Estate of Grossman, 206 F.3d 172, 178 (2d Cir. 2000)).
Ordinarily, where the district court “has ordered the parties to proceed to
arbitration, and dismissed all the claims before it, that decision is ‘final’ within the
meaning of § 16(a)(3), and therefore appealable.” Green Tree, 531 U.S. at 89.
Citing that typical rule of finality, Phyto-Charter argues that it has the right
to immediate appellate review of the district court’s decision compelling
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arbitration. Here, however, the district court did not just order the parties to
proceed to arbitration. It also “defer[red] decision” on Spliethoff’s other request
that the court appoint an arbitrator. App’x at 111. That the district court
deferred its decision on this matter meant that this order was not “the last
deliberative action of the court” before the arbitrators then “take over the
controversy and dispose of it.” Krauss Bros. Lumber Co. v. Louis Bossert & Sons,
Inc., 62 F.2d 1004, 1005 (2d Cir. 1933) (L. Hand, J.). In other words, the district
court did not “clearly intend[] to end [the] litigation” because it envisioned an
additional action it might take in the case. SongByrd, 206 F.3d at 178; see also
Gelboim v. Bank of Am. Corp., 574 U.S. 405, 408 (2015) (“A ‘final decision’ [under 28
U.S.C. § 1291] is one ‘by which a district court disassociates itself from a case.’”)
(quoting Swint v. Chambers Cnty. Comm'n, 514 U.S. 35, 42 (1995)).
Phyto-Charter points us to Farr & Co. v. Cia. Intercontinental De Navegacion
De Cuba, S. A., in which we held that an order directing a party to appoint its
arbitrator within fifteen days and proceed to arbitration within thirty days was a
final and thus appealable order. 243 F.2d 342, 344–46 (2d Cir. 1957). But that
case is distinguishable from this one. In Farr, the district court directed the parties
to appoint an arbitrator, reserving no further action for itself. See id. at 344. By
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contrast, in this case the district court announced that it would appoint an
arbitrator itself should Phyto-Charter fail to accept Spliethoff’s arbitrator or
appoint its own. The order left “more for the court to do” and therefore cannot
be considered final. Green Tree, 531 U.S. at 86 (citation omitted).
We have considered all of Phyto-Charter’s remaining arguments in support
of our jurisdiction and have found them to be without merit. For the foregoing
reasons, we DISMISS the appeal for want of jurisdiction. For reasons of judicial
efficiency, any further appeal in this case shall be referred to this panel.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
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