I.O.B. Realty, Inc. v. Patsy's Brand, Inc. ( 2021 )

20-1988
I.O.B. Realty, Inc. v. Patsy's Brand, Inc.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO
SUMMARY ORDERS FILED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY THIS
COURT’S Local Rule 32.1 and Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1. IN A BRIEF OR
OTHER PAPER IN WHICH A LITIGANT CITES A SUMMARY ORDER, IN EACH PARAGRAPH IN
WHICH A CITATION APPEARS, AT LEAST ONE CITATION MUST EITHER BE TO THE FEDERAL
APPENDIX OR BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE NOTATION: “(SUMMARY ORDER).” A PARTY CITING
A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF THAT SUMMARY ORDER TOGETHER WITH THE
PAPER IN WHICH THE SUMMARY ORDER IS CITED ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY
COUNSEL UNLESS THE SUMMARY ORDER IS AVAILABLE IN AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE WHICH
IS PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT PAYMENT OF FEE (SUCH AS THE DATABASE AVAILABLE AT
HTTP://WWW.CA2.USCOURTS.GOV/). IF NO COPY IS SERVED BY REASON OF THE AVAILABILITY
OF THE ORDER ON SUCH A DATABASE, THE CITATION MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE TO THAT
DATABASE AND THE DOCKET NUMBER OF THE CASE IN WHICH THE ORDER WAS ENTERED.
At a stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
City of New York, on the 17th day of August, two thousand and twenty-one.
Present:
JOHN M. WALKER, JR.
JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
RICHARD C. WESLEY,
Circuit Judges.
______________________________________________
I.O.B. REALTY, INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
-v- No. 20-1988-cv
PATSY’S BRAND, INC.,
Defendant-Appellant. 1
______________________________________________
1 The Clerk of the Court is directed to amend the official caption as set forth above.
2
For Defendant-Appellant: BRIAN M. BLOCK, Mandelbaum Salsburg P.C., Roseland,
NJ (Joel G. MacMull, Mandelbaum Salsburg P.C., Roseland,
NJ; Ronald D. Coleman, Dhillon Law Group Inc., New York,
NY, on the brief)
For Plaintiff-Appellee: J’NAIA L. BOYD, Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale, NY
(Cheryl F. Korman, Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale, NY; Boris
Kogan, Boris Kogan & Associates, P.C., New York, NY, on
the brief)
______________________________________________
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
AND DECREED that the June 4, 2020 judgment of the United States District Court for
the Southern District of New York (Stanton, J.) be VACATED, judgment ENTERED for
Patsy’s Brand, and the case DISMISSED.
We are presented with a puzzling situation at the end of a vexing chapter in the
“minor legal epic” 2 between Patsy’s Pizzeria (“I.O.B.”) and Patsy’s Italian Restaurant
(“Patsy’s Brand”). We assume the parties are, after two decades of litigation, well
acquainted with the facts and issues at play in this case.
In May of last year, a panel of this Court vacated the district court’s order and
judgment regarding the matter now before us. Of concern to the panel was that, rather
than applying the law within the strictures of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Judge
Stanton crafted a remedy that he concluded would address the “reality” of the situation.
3
I.O.B. Realty, Inc., 803 F. App’x 540, 541 (2d Cir. 2020). On remand, the district court was
instructed to (1) “state whether it is granting or denying the motions for summary
judgment,” and (2) “explain the basis for its authority to order the PTO to grant I.O.B.
Realty’s pending trademark applications and to register the PATSY’S PIZZERIA marks.”
Id.
Upon receiving that order, the district court filed a “response to order of remand,”
Special App’x 4 (capitalization omitted), explaining that “[t]he judgment granted full
relief to the parties, and there was no purpose, even an academic one, in separately
addressing the summary judgment motions,” id. at 5; on June 4, 2020, it then issued
essentially the same judgment as before, verbatim, in which it again ordered the PTO to
grant I.O.B.’s application and to register the PATSY’S PIZZERIA mark.
“We review de novo whether the District Court has complied with our mandate.”
Puricelli v. Republic of Argentina, 797 F.3d 213, 218 (2d Cir. 2015); see also Havlish v. 650 Fifth
Ave. Co., 934 F.3d 174, 181 (2d Cir. 2019) (“A district court must follow the mandate issued
by an appellate court.”). By revisiting his previous analysis and dismissing the summary
judgment process as inapposite, it seems Judge Stanton believed our colleagues had
overlooked the logic that undergirded his prior decision. Although we do not doubt the
4
practicality of his solution, 3 the fact remains that the district court continues to elide the
purpose, if not the plain text requirements, of Rule 56. Not only that, the present
judgment stands in contravention of this Court’s mandate because it fails to state
“whether it is granting or denying” each of the summary judgment motions. 4 For the
latter reason at the very least, we vacate the judgment dated June 4, 2020, including the
district court’s order to the PTO to register the PATSY’S PIZZERIA mark therein. See
Puricelli v. Argentina, 797 F.3d 213, 218 (2d Cir. 2015) (vacating class certification order for
failure to follow the “broader spirit” of the Court’s mandate on remand); In re Coudert
Bros LLP, 809 F.3d 94, 98–99 (2d Cir. 2015) (vacating orders below because the bankruptcy
3 We understand the district court to have seized upon Patsy’s Brand’s strategic concession that
there was no likelihood of confusion between the parties’ marks, thus protecting it from I.O.B.’s
infringement claims while implicitly signaling that I.O.B.’s mark deserved registration. Patsy’s
Brand’s continued opposition to I.O.B.’s registration despite that concession bespeaks a stark
inconsistency. And, indeed, its frequent gamesmanship has not escaped notice during this
litigation. See, e.g., Patsy’s Italian Restaurant, Inc. v. Banas, No. 06-cv-0729, 2015 WL 9694666(E.D.N.Y. May 15, 2015) (“[Patsy’s Brand’s] refusal to enter into a concurrent use agreement is
merely punitive.”). We also recognize the colorable argument that 15 U.S.C. § 1119 might have
permitted the given relief under certain circumstances, but because we will enter summary
judgment for the defendant at this juncture and resolve the dispute, there is no need for us to
consider the validity of Judge Stanton’s order in that regard.
4To the extent one might argue the remand order permitted the district court, in a literal sense,
to answer that it was neither granting nor denying the motions, that interpretation is foreclosed
by the context in which the order was issued. It was quite apparent to the previous panel that
the district court had not directly addressed the competing Rule 56 motions; the only natural
reading of the order, therefore, was that it instructed the district court to decide the motions one
way or the other.
5
court did not “carry out its duty to give the mandate ‘full effect’” (quoting Ginett v.
Comput. Task Grp., Inc., 11 F.3d 359, 360–61 (2d Cir. 1993)).
Instead of sending this case back a second time, however, the undisputed facts in
the record permit us to enter summary judgment in the first instance. See Wright &
Miller, 10A Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 2716 (4th ed.) (“[W]hen the Rule 56 standard has
been met, the reviewing court may direct the entry of summary judgment even though
the district court did not act favorably on the motion. The appellate court . . . can include
the order as part of its opinion . . . .”); see also Stein v. Oshinsky, 348 F.2d 999, 1002 (2d Cir.
1965) (Friendly, J.) (concluding, on appeal from grant of summary judgment, that it was
error and noting that “the case calls on us to direct judgment dismissing the complaint”);
cf. International Longshoremen's Ass'n, AFL-CIO v. Seatrain Lines, Inc., 326 F.2d 916, 921 n.2
(2d Cir. 1964) (“When on plaintiff's motion for summary judgment the undisputed facts
show that plaintiff has no case, this court has power to grant summary judgment for the
defendant . . . .”).
I.O.B. alleges causes of action for (1) false designation of origin, in violation of 15
U.S.C. § 1125(a), and (2) common law trademark infringement. To succeed on either
claim, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant’s use of the challenged mark is likely to
cause consumers confusion as to the origin or sponsorship of the goods. Virgin Enters.
Ltd. v. Nawab, 335 F.3d 141, 146 (2d Cir. 2003); Am. Footwear Corp. v. Gen. Footwear Co., 609
6
F.2d 655, 664 (2d Cir. 1979) (explaining that “[t]he test, under both the Lanham Act and
the common law, is the likelihood that the consuming public will be confused as to the
source of the allegedly infringing product.”); see also ITC Ltd. v. Punchgini, Inc., 9 N.Y.3d
467, 473–74 (2007) (acknowledging a parallel action under New York common law as a
claim arising under § 1125(a) of the Lanham Act).
“In a trademark infringement case, we review de novo a ruling on whether the
plaintiff has shown a likelihood of confusion because we consider the issue to be a
question of law.” Car-Freshner Corp. v. Am. Covers, LLC, 980 F.3d 314, 326 (2d Cir. 2020).
In light of the parties’ stipulated facts, see App’x 68, and I.O.B.’s failure to adduce
evidence showing that there is a disputed factual issue as to whether there is a likelihood
of confusion between the marks PATSY’S PIZZERIA and PATSY’S OF NEW YORK, see
App’x 204–17, 948–75, both of I.O.B.’s claims necessarily fail as a matter of law. 5 See
Simsbury-Avon Pres. Club, Inc. v. Metacon Gun Club, Inc., 575 F.3d 199, 204 (2d Cir. 2009)
(“[T]he nonmoving party must come forward with admissible evidence sufficient to raise
a genuine issue of fact for trial in order to avoid summary judgment.”).
5 On appeal, I.O.B. concedes that the district court’s “finding . . . that there was no likelihood of
confusion between the subject marks . . . properly disposes of both motions for summary
judgment seeking a determination on infringement.” I.O.B. Br. at 16. Moreover, I.O.B. offers no
arguments that could contest the assessment that there are no material facts in dispute that
would preclude summary judgment on its claims as a matter of law in favor of Patsy’s Brand.
Accordingly, I.O.B. has waived any arguments to the contrary on appeal. See Graves v. Finch
Pruyn & Co., 457 F.3d 181, 184 (2d Cir. 2006) (noting that an argument not pressed on appeal is
waived).
7
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the district court
dated June 4, 2020 is VACATED, judgment is ENTERED for Patsy’s Brand, and the case
is DISMISSED with prejudice.
For the Court:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk: