Andrzej Ptasznik v. University of Pennsylvania ( 2013 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 12-1853
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ANDRZEJ PTASZNIK,
Appellant
v.
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
_______________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civil No. 2-10-cv-03941)
District Judge: Hon. Ronald J. Buckwalter
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Argued April 18, 2013
BEFORE: AMBRO, HARDIMAN and COWEN, Circuit Judges
(Filed: April 29, 2013)
James A. Bell, IV, Esq. (Argued)
Bell & Bell
1617 John F. Kennedy Boulevard
Suite 1020, One Penn Center
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Counsel for Appellant
Janice G. Dubler, Esq.
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads
457 Haddonfield Road
Liberty View, 6th Floor, Suite 600
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
John M. Myers, Esq. (Argued)
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads
123 South Broad Street
28th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19109
Counsel for Appellee
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OPINION
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COWEN, Circuit Judge.
Appellant Andrzej Ptasznik appeals from the District Court’s order granting
summary judgment and dismissing his Complaint, which alleges that Appellee University
of Pennsylvania (“Penn”) discriminated against him on the basis of age and retaliated
against him for complaining of age discrimination. We will affirm.
I.
We write exclusively for the parties who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we set forth only the facts that are necessary for our
analysis.
In 2000, Penn offered Ptasznik the position of Research Assistant Professor of
Medicine in the School of Medicine’s Hematology/Oncology Division. As a member of
the research faculty, Ptasznik’s salary was derived from the funds of Dr. Alan Gewirtz,
Ptasznik’s faculty mentor. Ptasznik’s initial appointment was for a three-year term. At
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the end of the term, Ptasznik was reappointed for another three-year term, or for the
duration of the grant or contract which supports his work, whichever is shorter.
In 2004—during this second term—Ptasznik obtained an R01 grant from the
National Institute of Health, and sought his own lab space, independent of Gewirtz’s
space in order to conduct work related to the grant. Ptasznik says that he was told by Dr.
Stephen Emerson—the Chief of the Division of Hematology/Oncology at the time—that
he would not get the space because “we have a younger faculty to take care of here at U.
Penn.” (App. 417.) Ptasznik also claims that Emerson told him at a meeting a few
months later that he could not transfer to the Department of Pathology because the Vice
Chairman of the Department, Dr. Marc Greene, “also has younger faculty to take care
of.” 1 (App. 417.)
In 2005, Ptasznik’s relationship with Gewirtz deteriorated. During the course of
their dispute, Ptasznik worked with Dr. David Pope, Penn’s Ombudsman, whose role was
to help individuals find solutions to problems that they might not be able to resolve within
the normal channels. Ptasznik asserts that during his meetings with Pope, he raised the
issue of age discrimination. At this time, Ptasznik asserts that he also complained about
age discrimination to Penn’s Director of Faculty Affairs, Victoria Mulhern. Ultimately,
Penn arranged for Ptasznik to work with Dr. Ron Collman. Collman told Ptasznik that he
would be able to provide laboratory space—which belonged to the Center for AIDS
1
Ptasznik also asserts that in 2000 or 2001, Gewirtz told him that Emerson “likes to
promote young people.” (App. 468.)
3
Research and Infectious Disease Division—for approximately two years, until June 30,
2007.
In March 2006, Ptasznik was appointed to a two year term, which coincided with
his grant, which was set to expire in 2008. In February 2007, Emerson left Penn to take a
position at another university. He was replaced by Dr. Joel Bennett. On September 5,
2007, Bennett wrote a letter to Ptasznik stating: “This letter is to remind you of our
previous agreement. Your appointment as Research Assistant Professor will end on May
20, 2008 upon expiration of your R01 grant. Your appointment will not be renewed
beyond that date.” (App. 1143.) Dr. Richard Shannon, the Chairman of the Department
of Medicine, also wrote Ptasznik a letter, stating that Ptasznik’s employment was to be
terminated due to a lack of space, irrespective of his ability to obtain additional grants.
Ptasznik’s last day at Penn was April 30, 2008, the day that his grant funding expired.
Ptasznik filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
(“EEOC”). Thereafter, he filed a Complaint in the District Court. The District Court
granted Penn’s motion for summary judgment in its entirety. See Ptasznik v. Univ. of Pa.,
No. 10-cv-3941, 2012 WL 699455 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 29, 2012). This appeal followed. 2
II.
2
The District Court had jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331,
1343(a)(4), and 1367. We exercise jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1291. Our review of a grant of summary judgment is plenary. See United States ex rel.
Quinn v. Omnicare Inc., 382 F.3d 432, 436 (3d Cir. 2004). Summary judgment is proper
“if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
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Ptasznik argues that the District Court committed two errors when it dismissed his
claim for age discrimination under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
(“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq. 3 First, he argues that the District Court improperly
found that he did not assert direct evidence of age discrimination, and instead found that
the evidence was circumstantial, which caused it to erroneously apply the McDonnell
Douglas burden-shifting framework, the applicable framework when evidence of
discrimination is circumstantial. Second, Ptasznik argues that, to the extent that
McDonnell Douglas is applicable, the District Court improperly found that he did not
make a prima facie case when it held that he was unable to show that his replacement was
sufficiently younger to permit a reasonable inference of age discrimination. Both of these
arguments are unpersuasive.
The ADEA “prohibits age discrimination in employment decisions against persons
who are at least 40 years of age.” Kelly v. Drexel Univ., 94 F.3d 102, 104 (3d Cir. 1996).
To prevail on an ADEA claim, “a plaintiff must show that his or her age ‘actually
motivated’ and ‘had a determinative influence on’ the employer’s decision to fire him or
her.” Fakete v. Aetna, Inc., 308 F.3d 335, 337 (3d Cir. 2002). A plaintiff can meet this
burden by “presenting direct evidence of discrimination” or “presenting indirect evidence
of discrimination that satisfies the familiar three-step framework of McDonnell Douglas.”
3
Ptasznik also filed a claim under the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act (“PHRA”), 43
Pa. C.S. § 951 et seq. The analysis of Ptaznik’s ADEA claim applies equally to the
PHRA claim. See Kautz v. Met-Pro Corp., 412 F.3d 463, 466 n.1 (3d Cir. 2005) (“The
same legal standard applies to both the ADEA and PHRA and therefore it is proper to
address them collectively.”).
5
Id. at 337-38. Ptasznik asserts that Emerson’s comments in 2005 are direct evidence of
discrimination. We disagree. As the District Court held: (a) these comments were
allegedly made several years before the termination decision was made; (b) Emerson was
not a decision-maker in the termination decision, as he left his position at Penn in
February 2007; and (c) Ptasznik was reappointed after the comments were allegedly
made. The District Court properly found that the evidence of discrimination was
circumstantial, and it was proper for the District Court to apply the McDonnell Douglas
burden-shifting test.
Ptasznik next argues that the District Court improperly applied the fourth element
of the McDonnell Douglas test. To establish a prima facie claim under the ADEA, a
plaintiff must demonstrate the following: “(1) he is over forty, (2) he is qualified for the
position in question, (3) he suffered from an adverse employment decision, and (4) his
replacement was sufficiently younger to permit a reasonable inference of age
discrimination.” Hill v. Borough of Kutztown, 455 F.3d 225, 247 (3d Cir. 2006). The
District Court found that Ptasznik was able to survive summary judgment on the first
three elements, but was unable to demonstrate that his replacement was sufficiently
younger to permit a reasonable inference of age discrimination. Ptasznik argues that the
District Court erred because he was replaced by employees that are younger than him.
The District Court correctly found that Ptasznik could not demonstrate the fourth
element. He argues that he was replaced by a younger woman, Susan Shetzline, in
Gewirtz’s laboratory. But to the extent that Shetzline replaced Ptasznik, she replaced him
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in Gewirtz’s laboratory in 2005, not when Ptasznik was terminated in 2008. The District
Court also properly found that Ptasznik was not replaced by Dr. Noor-e-Mobeen Malik.
Malik was hired by Collman in 2006 and worked closely with Ptasznik in Collman’s
laboratory. While Malik continued to work on projects that she had previously worked on
with Ptasznik, the evidence in the record does not support Ptasznik’s argument that Malik
replaced him. Finally, the District Court properly found that Ptasznik was not replaced by
four research assistant professors who were hired after Ptasznik’s termination. None of
the research assistant professors that Ptasznik claims replaced him were hired in the
Hematology/Oncology Division. The District Court properly found that Ptasznik was
unable to demonstrate this element of the prima facie case.
III.
Ptasznik also argues that the District Court erred in granting the motion for
summary judgment on his retaliation claim. To establish a claim for retaliation under the
ADEA, a plaintiff must show that “(1) she was engaged in protected activities; (2) the
employer took an adverse employment action after or contemporaneous with the
employee’s protected activity; and (3) a causal link exists between the employee’s
protected activity and the employer’s adverse action.” Glanzman v. Metro. Mgmt. Corp.,
391 F.3d 506, 515-16 (3d Cir. 2004). Ptasznik alleges that he was terminated in
retaliation for the complaints that he made pertaining to age discrimination. The District
Court found that Ptasznik was unable to show a causal link between his termination and
his participation in the protected activity of complaining about age discrimination.
7
Ptasznik claims that he complained about age discrimination to Pope and Mulhern
in 2005. The District Court held that these complaints do not establish causation because
Bennett and Shannon were the individuals that made the decision to terminate Ptasznik,
and there is nothing to indicate that they were aware of Ptasznik’s complaints. We
conclude that there is nothing in the record to indicate that Bennett and Shannon were
aware of Ptasznik’s complaints, and nothing to indicate that Pope or Mulhern was
involved with or influenced the termination decision. In addition, Ptasznik actually
received a new two-year contract in 2006, after he complained to Pope and Mulhern. The
District Court properly granted summary judgment on Ptasznik’s retaliation claim.
IV.
Finally, Ptasznik contends that the District Court erred in granting the motion to
dismiss his disparate impact claim when it found that he failed to exhaust his
administrative remedies. “[A] judicial complaint under the ADEA will be dismissed for
failure to exhaust administrative remedies if a supporting EEOC charge was not filed
within 180 or 300 days (depending on state law) of notification to the employee of the
adverse employment action.” Ruehl v. Viacom, Inc., 500 F.3d 375, 382 (3d Cir. 2007).
“[T]he parameters of the civil action in the district court are defined by the scope of the
EEOC investigation which can reasonably be expected to grow out of the charge of
discrimination.” Webb v. City of Philadelphia, 562 F.3d 256, 263 (3d Cir. 2009) (quoting
Ostapowicz v. Johnson Bronze Co., 541 F.2d 394, 398-99 (3d Cir. 1976)).
8
In his disparate impact claim, Ptasznik alleges Penn’s “practices and/or policies
had a disparate impact upon employees over the age of 40.” (Compl. ¶ 47.) The District
Court reviewed the Statement of Particulars that Ptasznik submitted to the EEOC as part
of his Charge of Discrimination. It found that the Statement of Particulars discussed
Penn’s actions “only in so far as they affected” Ptasznik and noted that “there is no
reference to allegations of other similarly-situated employees being harmed by facially-
neutral policies.” Ptasznik, 2012 WL 699455, at *10. We agree with this analysis.
Ptasznik did not raise a disparate impact allegation before the EEOC. The District Court
properly granted summary judgment on Ptasznik’s disparate impact claim for failure to
exhaust administrative remedies.
V.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order of the District Court.
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