United States v. Baskerville ( 2012 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
____________
No. 10-1524
____________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
RAKIM BASKERVILLE,
a/k/a Roc
Rakim Baskerville, Appellant
____________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. No. 2-04-cr-00280-011)
District Judge: Honorable Faith S. Hochberg
____________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
June 25, 2012
Before: FISHER and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges, and OLIVER, * District Judge.
(Filed: August 13, 2012)
____________
OPINION OF THE COURT
____________
*
The Honorable Solomon Oliver, Jr., Chief Judge of the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
FISHER, Circuit Judge.
Rakeem Baskerville (“Baskerville”) was convicted in the United States District
Court for the District of New Jersey of conspiring to distribute, and to possess with intent
to distribute, five kilograms or more of cocaine and one kilogram or more of heroin, in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(a), and 21 U.S.C. § 846. On appeal,
Baskerville challenges the District Court’s denial of his motion for a new trial pursuant to
Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33(a), and in his brief, raises an additional argument
challenging the District Court’s denial of his motion under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 60(b)(2). For the reasons stated below, we will affirm.
I.
We write principally for the parties, who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we will set forth only those facts necessary to our
analysis.
From January 2000 until March 2004, the Curry Organization distributed cocaine
and heroin in and around Newark, New Jersey. Defendant Rakeem Baskerville served as
a street-level manager in the Curry Organization, which distributed between 350 and
2000 kilograms of cocaine, and between 300 and 500 kilograms of heroin between
January 2000 and March 2004. The conspiracy was responsible for at least two murders.
A DEA task force began investigating the Curry Organization in November 2002,
intercepting numerous calls. An expert witness concluded that the calls routinely
discussed large quantities of cocaine and dollar amounts as large as $75,000. At trial,
cooperating witness Lachoy Walker testified that Baskerville routinely received
distribution quantities of heroin and cocaine from Hakeem Curry (the head of the
organization), and that he (Walker) personally delivered cocaine and heroin to
Baskerville on several occasions. Walker also witnessed Baskerville deliver a bag full of
cash to Curry. In addition, Walker witnessed Curry divide 200 bricks of heroin equally
between himself and Baskerville.
On March 8, 2004, DEA agents discovered multiple bricks of heroin in a van
registered to Baskervillle. The heroin was concealed inside customized mechanical
“traps” within the vehicle. The heroin was identical in both purity and packaging to
heroin seized from Walker on March 4, 2004.
Baskerville also paid over $6,000 in cash for a custom gold and diamond
medallion which displayed his nickname. His tax returns from 1999 through 2003 never
showed an adjusted gross income of over $21,000 (no tax return was filed in 2000).
On February 3, 2006, a grand jury charged Baskerville, Curry, and eight other
defendants with conspiring to distribute, and to possess with intent to distribute, five
kilograms or more of cocaine and one kilogram or more of heroin, in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(a), and 21 U.S.C. § 846. The Government called on
numerous witnesses at trial, including George Snowden, who was then a Sergeant with
the Newark Police Department (“NPD”). On July 24, 2006, the jury found Baskerville
guilty after a ten-week trial. On January 31, 2007, the District Court sentenced
2
Baskerville to life imprisonment, and Baskerville timely appealed. This Court affirmed
the conviction on July 30, 2009. United States v. Baskerville, 339 F. App’x 176 (3d Cir.
2009).
A post-trial background check by the Monmouth County Prosecutor’s Office in an
unrelated investigation revealed the existence of a final domestic violence restraining
order (“DVRO”) that had been issued against George Snowden, who had been a Sergeant
with the Newark Police Department (“NPD”) and one of the Government’s witnesses at
Baskerville’s trial. The DVRO had been issued in connection with an argument Snowden
had with a former girlfriend in 1996. The Government had failed to disclose this material
prior to trial.
As a result of this newly disclosed evidence, on July 1, 2009, Baskerville filed a
motion for a new trial pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33(a), arguing that
Snowden or the prosecution may have concealed the DVRO, and that if he had been able
to cross-examine Snowden about the DVRO, he could have impeached Snowden and
changed the outcome of the trial. On February 3, 2010, the District Court denied this
motion, finding that there was no Brady or Giglio violation and that the Government had
not suppressed the DVRO. On February 17, 2010, Baskerville timely appealed the denial
of the Rule 33(a) motion. While this appeal was pending, Baskerville’s initial request for
Snowden’s personnel file was denied, after which Baskerville filed a motion pursuant to
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) to obtain the personnel file for use in his Rule
3
33(a) appeal. On September 16, 2010, the District Court denied the Rule 60(b) motion,
finding that the pending appeal of the Rule 33(a) motion divested the Court of
jurisdiction. Baskerville did not appeal the denial of the Rule 60(b) motion.
II.
The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have jurisdiction
to review the District Court’s denial of the Rule 33(a) motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1291, but decline to review the District Court’s denial of the Rule 60(b) motion. 1 We
review the District Court’s decision to deny the Rule 33(a) motion for abuse of
discretion. United States v. Saada, 212 F.3d 210, 215 (3d Cir. 2000).
III.
Baskerville argues that the District Court should have granted him a new trial
pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33 based on newly discovered evidence,
which he claims that the government failed to disclose in violation of Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963). We disagree. Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33
1
We decline to review the denial of the Rule 60(b) motion because Baskerville did
not file a notice of appeal from that order. Fed. R. App. P. 3(a)(1); see Virgin Islands v.
Martinez, 620 F.3d 321, 327-29 (3d Cir. 2010), cert. denied, 131 S. Ct. 1489 (2011).
Furthermore, we note that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) is a civil procedure rule,
which does not apply to criminal proceedings. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 1 (“These rules govern
. . . civil actions and proceedings[.]”); United States v. Mosavi, 138 F.3d 1365, 1366
(11th Cir. 1998) (“Rule 60(b) simply does not provide for relief from judgment in a
criminal case.”). Finally, we note that even if Baskerville had properly appealed, the
District Court lacked jurisdiction over the motion, as it was divested of jurisdiction by the
pending appeal of the Rule 33(a) motion. See Griggs v. Provident Consumer Discount
Co., 459 U.S. 56, 58 (1982).
4
states that “the court may vacate any judgment and grant a new trial if the interest of
justice so requires.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 33(a). In order to show that the interest of justice
requires a new trial in this case, Baskerville must show that the evidence the government
failed to disclose was “material either to guilt or to punishment[.]” Brady v. Maryland,
373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963); see also Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 153-54 (1972);
Saada, 212 F.3d at 216. Evidence is not material unless “there is a reasonable probability
that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would
have been different.” United States v. Reyeros, 537 F.3d 270, 281 (3d Cir. 2008)
(quoting United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682 (1985)).
Baskerville fails to show that the DVRO evidence was material to his guilt. First
of all, it is clear that even if Baskerville had possessed the information about Snowden’s
DVRO, he would not have been able to cross-examine Snowden about it at trial, because,
as the District Court made clear, the evidence was not indicative of Snowden’s veracity
pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 608(b), and even if it were somehow relevant, any
probative value was far outweighed by the risk of prejudice pursuant to Federal Rule of
Evidence 403. Evidence of a DVRO nine years prior was simply not material to
Snowden’s testimony in Baskerville’s completely unrelated drug conspiracy trial.
Second, even if the evidence were somehow indicative of Snowden’s veracity, the
alleged misconduct of a single officer would not cast enough doubt on the overwhelming
evidence against Baskerville to produce an acquittal. None of the testimony that
5
Snowden provided was critical to Baskerville’s conviction. Thus, even if Snowden had
been impeached, Walker’s testimony, combined with the wiretap recordings presented at
trial and the heroin seized from Baskerville’s minivan, demonstrated overwhelming
evidence of Baskerville’s guilt. Here, if the DVRO had been disclosed to Baskerville
prior to trial, “there [is] no reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have
been different” and thus, “[i]t follows that the government’s failure to disclose the
information does not require a new trial.” United States v. Thornton, 1 F.3d 149, 159 (3d
Cir. 1993) (internal quotation marks omitted).
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
6