Sheedy v. City of Philadelphia ( 2006 )

Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
6-22-2006
Sheedy v. Philadelphia
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-1729
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"Sheedy v. Philadelphia" (2006). 2006 Decisions. Paper 855.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
Nos. 05-1729 & 05-1848
KAREN SHEEDY
v.
CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
JOHN TIMONEY, SYLVESTER JOHNSON,
WILLIAM HOLMES and RICHARD P. GILLY
Richard P. Gilly,
Appellant at No. 05-1729
Karen Sheedy,
Appellant at No. 05-1848
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
D.C. Civil Action No. 03-cv-6394
(Honorable John P. Fullam)
Argued June 1, 2006
Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, McKEE and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges
(Filed : June 22, 2006)
THOMAS R. HURD, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)
Monteverde, McAlee & Hurd
One Penn Center at Suburban Station, Suite 1500
1617 John F. Kennedy Boulevard
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-1815
Attorney for Appellant/Cross-Appellee,
Richard P. Gilly
WILLIAM J. FOX, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)
1626 Pine Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
Attorney for Appellee/Cross-Appellant,
Karen Sheedy
JANE L. ISTVAN, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)
City of Philadelphia Law Department
One Parkway
1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
Attorney for Appellees,
City of Philadelphia, John Timoney,
Sylvester Johnson and William Holmes
OPINION OF THE COURT
PER CURIAM.
Richard Gilly appeals a jury verdict against him for malicious prosecution and for
false imprisonment or arrest. Karen Sheedy, his ex-wife, cross appeals. We will vacate
the judgment as to Gilly and remand with instructions to grant judgment as a matter of
law in his favor because there was probable cause to arrest Sheedy for theft. We will
affirm in all other respects.
I.
Sheedy, after her separation from Gilly but before their divorce, surreptitiously
removed jointly owned personal property from the marital home she had vacated fifteen
months prior. Gilly, who lived in the home (of which Sheedy was co-owner), was out of
town at the time. Upon his return, Gilly discovered that Sheedy had changed the locks to
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the entryways and that she had taken property, including jointly owned property. He then
called the police. The investigating officer, Detective William Holmes, drafted and swore
an affidavit of probable cause. Sheedy was arrested on charges of theft, burglary,
criminal trespass, and receipt of stolen property, but the charges were eventually
dismissed. Sheedy sued Detective Holmes, Gilly, the City of Philadelphia, and two
police officials under 18 U.S.C. § 1983 and on state law grounds.
Gilly and Detective Holmes went to trial on malicious prosecution, false
imprisonment, and § 1983 claims. Claims against Sheedy’s other defendants were
dismissed before trial. Gilly was found liable for false imprisonment or arrest and for
malicious prosecution, and Detective Holmes was found liable for false imprisonment or
arrest. Compensatory damages of $3,075 were assessed against both. The jury
additionally assessed $500,000 in punitive damages against Gilly. After trial, the District
Court denied Gilly’s motion for judgment as a matter of law. In the same order, the
District Court raised compensatory damages to $100,000, and reduced punitive damages
to $200,000. The District Court also granted judgment as a matter of law in Detective
Holmes’ favor on qualified immunity grounds, vacating the judgment against him.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a District
Court’s denial or grant of a motion for judgment as a matter of law. W.V. Realty, Inc. v.
N. Ins. Co., 334 F.3d 306, 311 (3d Cir. 2003).
II.
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To establish a false imprisonment or arrest claim, a detention must be unlawful,
see Renk v. City of Pittsburgh, 641 A.2d 289, 293 (Pa. 1994), and to establish a malicious
prosecution claim, there must be an absence of probable cause to arrest, see Kelley v.
Gen. Teamsters, Local Union 249, 544 A.2d 940, 941 (Pa. 1988). Accordingly, probable
cause defeats a claim for malicious prosecution and for false imprisonment or arrest. See
Strickland v. Univ. of Scranton, 700 A.2d 979, 984–85 (Pa. Super. 1997).
A spouse can be charged with theft of marital property in Pennsylvania. Theft
occurs when a person “unlawfully takes, or exercises unlawful control over, movable
property of another with intent to deprive him thereof.” 18 Pa. Stat. Ann. § 3921(a). For
purposes of theft, “property of another”
[i]ncludes property in which any person other than the actor has an interest
which the actor is not privileged to infringe, regardless of the fact that the
actor also has an interest in the property and regardless of the fact that the
other person might be precluded from civil recovery because the property
was used in an unlawful transaction or was subject to forfeiture as
contraband.
Id. § 3901 (emphasis added). The intentional taking of marital, jointly owned property
from an estranged spouse who is in possession of such property supports a charge of theft
because it unlawfully deprives the other joint owner of his or her property interest.1
1
The District Court erred in its jury instructions on this point. (App. 551 (“[T]he only
thing she could possibly be convicted of would be if you conclude that she knowingly and
intentionally stole property that was the sole property of Mr. Gilly.”).) This, and other
errors, may have been avoided had the court held a charging conference and allowed
counsel to make objections prior to instructing the jury in compliance with Fed. R. Civ. P.
51(b).
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Commonwealth v. Mescall, 592 A.2d 687, 690–91 (Pa Super. 1991) (“The statutory
language is clear that the issue of whether appellant may have an interest in this property
is irrelevant. He may still be found liable for infringing on his wife’s interest in this
property.”).
It is undisputed Sheedy intentionally took marital, jointly owned property.
Therefore, as a matter of law, probable cause existed to arrest Sheedy for theft. Because
there was probable cause for an arrest on charges of theft, we do not need to reach the
question of whether there was probable cause for burglary, receipt of stolen property, or
criminal trespass. Probable cause on any one of the several charges in this case makes the
arrest and detention valid. See, e.g., Wright v. City of Philadelphia, 409 F.3d 595, 602
(3d Cir. 2005). Judgment as a matter of law for Gilly is appropriate.
Because there was probable cause for the arrest, Detective Holmes was entitled to
judgment as a matter of law on this issue. The District Court granted judgment as a
matter of law on qualified immunity grounds, and this ruling is the target of Sheedy’s
cross-appeal. Were we to reach this issue, it follows that Detective Holmes would be
entitled to qualified immunity because it was objectively reasonable for him to conclude
there was probable cause to arrest Sheedy. See Orsatti v. New Jersey State Police, 71
F.3d 480, 483–84 (3d Cir. 1995). Judgment as a matter of law for Detective Holmes was
appropriate.
III.
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For the stated reasons, we will vacate the judgment as to Gilly and remand with
instructions for the District Court to enter judgment as a matter of law in his favor. We
will affirm the judgment in all other respects.2
2
Though we do not need to reach the issue, the District Court erred in raising the
amount of compensatory damages beyond the amount the jury found. See, e.g., Dimick v.
Schiedt, 293 U.S. 474, 486–87 (1935); Maier v. Lucent Techs., Inc., 120 F.3d 730, 737
(7th Cir. 1997). We disagree with Sheedy that Fed. R. Civ. P. 50 allows such a
modification to a jury award.
Additionally, the District Court erred in failing to reduce the punitive damages to a
single-multiplier of the jury’s compensatory award. See State Farm Mut. Ins. Co. v.
Campbell, 538 U.S. 408, 425 (2003) (“[F]ew awards exceeding a single-digit ratio
between punitive and compensatory damages, to a significant degree, will satisfy due
process.”).
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