United States v. Gulley ( 2008 )

Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
6-23-2008
USA v. Gulley
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 07-1298
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
____________
No. 07-1298
____________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
WILLIE GENE GULLEY
a/k/a HEAD
a/k/a MOSES
Willie Gene Gulley,
Appellant
____________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 05-cr-00016J)
District Judge: Honorable Kim R. Gibson
____________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
June 2, 2008
Before: FISHER and JORDAN, Circuit Judges, and YOHN,* District Judge.
(Filed: June 23, 2008)
____________
OPINION OF THE COURT
____________
*
The Honorable William H. Yohn, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
FISHER, Circuit Judge.
Willie Gulley, Jr. pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute and
possess with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of cocaine base and less than 100
grams of heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. The District Court sentenced him to 151
months imprisonment, and he now appeals. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm
the judgment of the District Court.
I.
We write exclusively for the parties, who are familiar with the factual context and
legal history of this case. Therefore, we will set forth only those facts necessary to our
analysis.
Based on an ongoing investigation of drug sales in Johnstown, Pennsylvania,
Johnstown police officers executed a search warrant at Gulley’s residence. The police
found a loaded revolver and ammunition. The search also uncovered evidence
demonstrating that Gulley had engaged in drug transactions involving thousands of
dollars during the preceding six months.
Gulley was charged with the following five counts: (1) conspiracy to distribute
and possess with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of cocaine base and less than 100
grams of heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846; (2) distribution of less than 5 grams of
cocaine base in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(c); (3) possession with
intent to distribute less than 5 grams of cocaine base in violation of 21 U.S.C.
2
§§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(c); (4) possession of a firearm by a convicted felon in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1); and (5) possession of ammunition by a convicted
felon in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1).
On March 17, 2006, Gulley pleaded guilty to the first count. In his plea
agreement, he acknowledged his responsibility for the remaining four charged counts, and
stipulated that the court could consider the conduct in those four counts in imposing its
sentence. Additionally, Gulley’s plea agreement contained an appellate waiver.
On December 12, 2006, the District Court conducted Gulley’s sentencing hearing.
Utilizing the applicable United States Sentencing Guidelines (“Guidelines”), the District
Court found that Gulley’s base offense level was 32, but it increased his base offense
level by two levels pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1) because the specific offense
involved his possession of a dangerous weapon. With a total offense level of 34 and a
Criminal History Category of IV, the advisory Guidelines range was 151 to 188 months.
The District Court sentenced Gulley to 151 months imprisonment and a five-year term of
supervised release. This appeal followed.1
1
The District Court entered its judgment of sentence on December 13, 2006, and
Gulley filed his appeal on January 29, 2007. Under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure
4(b)(1), a criminal defendant must file a notice of appeal within ten days of the entry of
judgment. However, the court may extend the ten-day period by an additional thirty days
under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b)(4). Here, Gulley’s attorney did not
follow Gulley’s instruction to file a notice of appeal, and Gulley then filed a pro se
motion for an extension of time on January 23, 2007, forty-one days after the District
Court entered its judgment. The District Court granted Gulley’s motion for an extension,
and he filed the notice of appeal six days later. The government does not challenge the
3
II.
We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C.
§ 3742(a)(1). We retain jurisdiction over an appeal, even where, as here, the defendant
has waived his right to appeal. United States v. Gwinnett, 483 F.3d 200, 203 (3d Cir.
2007). However, “we will not exercise that jurisdiction to review the merits of [the
defendant’s] appeal if we conclude that [he] knowingly and voluntarily waived h[is] right
to appeal unless the result would work a miscarriage of justice.” Id.
A.
We must first consider whether Gulley knowingly and voluntarily waived his right
to appeal considering the clarity of the appellate waiver and his plea colloquy. See
Gwinnett, 483 F.3d at 203. The language of the appellate waiver Gulley signed is clear.
In pertinent part, it states:
Willie Gene Gulley, Jr. waives the right to take a direct appeal from his
conviction or sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 or 18 U.S.C. § 3742, subject
to the following exceptions:
(a) If the United States appeals from the sentence, Willie Gene Gulley,
Jr. may take a direct appeal from the sentence.
(b) If (1) the sentence exceeds the applicable statutory limits set forth in
the United States Code, or (2) the sentence unreasonably exceeds the
guideline range determined by the Court under the Sentencing
Guidelines, Willie Gene Gulley, Jr. may take a direct appeal from the
sentence.
timeliness of Gulley’s appeal, and we will not consider the issue sua sponte, particularly
because we are not exercising jurisdiction over this appeal.
4
This language sufficiently apprised Gulley that he could appeal his sentence only if it was
greater than the statutory maximum sentence or if it was unreasonably beyond the
Guidelines range.
With regard to Gulley’s plea colloquy, no record of the colloquy is before us, but
the District Court issued an order in which it accepted Gulley’s plea.2 Although we
cannot review precisely what the court said to Gulley, its order indicated that it discussed
his rights and the applicable Guidelines and statutory maximums with him. In his brief to
this Court, Gulley does not argue that the District Court did not sufficiently apprise him
of the consequences of the appellate waiver, or that he did not enter into the appellate
waiver knowingly and voluntarily. Because the appellate waiver contains clear language
apprising Gulley of the limitation of his appellate rights, and the District Court’s order
indicates that it adequately advised him, which he does not dispute, we will conclude that
he entered into the appellate waiver knowingly and voluntarily.
B.
We must next consider whether the District Court has erred such that a
“miscarriage of justice” would result if we did not exercise jurisdiction over the merits of
2
According to PACER, the District Court conducted the plea colloquy with a
stenographer present, but the government did not provide a transcript in the record. This
oversight does not affect the outcome of the present case for the reasons described.
However, for appeals in which the defendant argues that the District Court did not
sufficiently describe the agreement such that he did not enter into it knowingly and
voluntarily, it would behoove the government to have the plea colloquy in the record for
our review.
5
Gulley’s appeal. See Gwinnett, 483 F.3d at 203. In determining whether an error would
work a miscarriage of justice, we must consider the following factors:
The clarity of the error, its gravity, its character (e.g., whether it concerns a
fact issue, a sentencing guideline, or a statutory maximum), the impact of
the error on the defendant, the impact of correcting the error on the
government, and the extent to which the defendant acquiesced in the result.
United States v. Khattak, 273 F.3d 557, 563 (3d Cir. 2001) (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted).
Gulley argues that the District Court erred in sentencing him in two ways. First, he
argues that the District Court should not have applied the two-level enhancement for
firearm possession to his base offense level because the firearm was not his.3 However,
as Gulley accepted responsibility for the charge of firearm possession in his plea
agreement, the District Court’s finding of fact that the conduct had occurred was not
clearly erroneous. See United States v. Grier, 475 F.3d 556, 570 (3d Cir. 2006).
Moreover, the District Court properly applied the legal standard because it was not
“clearly improbable” that the loaded handgun, which the police found near the front door
of Gulley’s residence, was connected to the conspiracy at issue. See U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 n.3
(stating that “the enhancement would not be applied if the defendant, arrested at his
3
The government argues that Gulley has waived this argument because he did not
properly object to the District Court’s inclusion of the enhancement in terms of the
calculation of the offense level. Nevertheless, we will address this argument because
discussing potential errors is necessary in determining whether enforcing the appellate
waiver would result in a miscarriage of justice.
6
residence, had an unloaded hunting rifle in the closet”); see also United States v.
Drozdowski, 313 F.3d 819, 822-23 (3d Cir. 2002). Thus, the District Court properly
calculated the Guidelines range as required by Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. __, 128 S.
Ct. 586, 597 (2007), in choosing to add the two-level enhancement to Gulley’s base
offense level.
Second, Gulley argues that the District Court’s sentence of 151 months was
unreasonable. However, the District Court adequately considered the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)
factors in determining Gulley’s sentence. See United States v. Cooper, 437 F.3d 324, 329
(3d Cir. 2006). Thus, the District Court’s sentence was not unreasonable under United
States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005), and its progeny. Therefore, we can find no error
in the District Court’s imposition of Gulley’s sentence, let alone find an error grave
enough to result in a miscarriage of justice.
As Gulley has not demonstrated that enforcing his knowing and voluntary waiver
of his appellate rights would result in a miscarriage of justice, we will not exercise
jurisdiction over his appeal.
III.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
7