United States v. Chandra Sanassie , 415 F. App'x 415 ( 2011 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 08-4282
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
CHANDRA SANASSIE,
Appellant
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Delaware
(D.C. 1-08-cr-00017-001)
District Judge: Honorable Gregory M. Sleet
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Submitted Pursuant to LAR 34.1(a)
January 13, 2011
Before: SCIRICA, BARRY, VANASKIE, Circuit Judges
(Filed: January 31, 2011 )
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OPINION OF THE COURT
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VANASKIE, Circuit Judge.
This matter comes before us on the motion of Appellant Chandra Sanassie’s court-
appointed attorney to withdraw as counsel pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738(1967). For the following reasons, we will grant the Anders motion and affirm the
Judgment of the District Court.
I.
Because we write solely for the parties, we recite only those facts necessary to our
decision. In or around March of 2007, Sanassie met co-conspirator Stephano Roussos.
Subsequently, she agreed to participate in a scheme with Roussos and another co-
conspirator, Anthony Lofink, involving Delaware’s Bureau of Unclaimed Property (the
“Bureau”). 1 Lofink was employed by the Bureau to handle claims for property that had
been escheated to the state. He developed a plan whereby he created false claims for
property escheated to Delaware in the wake of the merger of Time, Inc. with Warner
Communications, Inc. 2 (PSR ¶¶ 18-24.)
Lofink created two false claims in the name of Sanassie related to property
escheated by Time Warner. Sanassie submitted her first claim on March 28, 2007, and
deposited $195,282.12 into an account. Next, she wired $65,000 to Roussos’ PNC Bank
account, and $65,000 to Roussos’ Commerce Bank account. She retained $65,282.12.
Concerning the second claim submitted on June 4, 2007, Sanassie received a check in the
1
Under Delaware law, holders of unclaimed or abandoned property are required to
transfer the property to the state through a process known as escheat. (Presentence
Report (“PSR”) ¶ 11.) Owners of such unclaimed property, however, may present claims
for escheated property. (Id.) The Bureau is responsible for such claims. (Id. at ¶ 12.)
2
The merged entity, Time Warner, Inc., escheated millions of dollars of
unclaimed property to Delaware.
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amount of $222,124 and deposited $122,000 into Roussos’ accounts. Sanassie’s net
proceeds were approximately $165,000, but the loss attributable to her for purposes of
calculating an advisory sentencing guidelines range and restitution totaled $417,406.35.
(Id. at ¶ 25.)
On March 25, 2008, Sanassie pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1349, and two counts of conducting illegal monetary transactions
as proscribed by 18 U.S.C. § 1957. A sentencing hearing was held on October 14, 2008.
With a net offense level of nineteen and a criminal history category of I, Sanassie’s
advisory sentencing guidelines range was thirty to thirty-seven months’ imprisonment.
(Id. at ¶ 86.) The District Court sentenced her to a twenty-four-month term of
imprisonment followed by two years’ supervised release for the conspiracy to commit
wire fraud charge, and a twenty-four-month term of imprisonment followed by two
years’ supervised release on the illegal monetary transaction counts. The District Court
directed that all sentences run concurrently, and ordered Sanassie to pay restitution in the
amount of $417,406.35 and a $300 special assessment. This appeal followed.
On July 15, 2010, Sanassie’s appellate counsel filed an Anders motion and brief,
asserting that, after independently reviewing the record, he “found no viable issues to
present to the Court on appeal.” (Anders Br. at 11.) Sanassie has not submitted a pro se
brief.
II.
The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have jurisdiction
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3742 and 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
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In Anders, “the Supreme Court explained the general duties of a lawyer
representing an indigent criminal defendant on appeal when the lawyer seeks leave to
withdraw from continued representation on the grounds that there are no nonfrivolous
issues to appeal.” United States v. Marvin, 211 F.3d 778, 779 (3d Cir. 2000). Our local
rules provide that, “[w]here, upon review of the district court record, counsel is persuaded
that the appeal presents no issue of even arguable merit, counsel may file a motion to
withdraw and supporting brief pursuant to Anders[.]” 3d Cir. L.A.R. 109.2(a). If we
agree with counsel’s assessment, we “will grant [the] Anders motion, and dispose of the
appeal without appointing new counsel.” Id. Thus, our inquiry is “twofold: (1) whether
counsel adequately fulfilled the rule’s requirements; and (2) whether an independent
review of the record presents any nonfrivolous issues.” United States v. Youla, 241 F.3d
296, 300 (3d Cir. 2001).
In his Anders brief, Sanassie’s counsel identified three potential grounds for
appeal: (1) the District Court’s jurisdiction; (2) the validity and voluntariness of
Sanassie’s guilty plea; and (3) the legality of Sanassie’s sentence. He submits that none
of the potential grounds for appeal has any arguable merit. Our review of the record
confirms counsel’s belief that there are no nonfrivolous issues on appeal.
First, we agree that the District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231,
which provides that “[t]he district courts of the United States shall have original
jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of all offenses against the laws of the
United States.” It is indisputable that the statutory provisions that Sanassie admitted
violating, conspiracy to commit wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1349, and committing an illegal
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monetary transaction, 18 U.S.C. § 1957, are laws of the United States. Accordingly, the
District Court clearly had jurisdiction.
Second, there is no basis on which to challenge the validity and voluntariness of
Sanassie’s guilty plea. As Sanassie failed to make any objection at her plea colloquy, we
review for plain error. United States v. Hall, 515 F.3d 186, 194 (3d Cir. 2008). Under
the plain error standard:
an appellate court may, in its discretion, correct an error not raised at trial
only where the appellant demonstrates that (1) there is an error; (2) the error
is clear or obvious, rather than subject to reasonable dispute; (3) the error
affected the appellant’s substantial rights, which in the ordinary case means
it affected the outcome of the district court proceedings; and (4) the error
seriously affect[s] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial
proceedings.
United States v. Marcus, 130 S. Ct. 2159, 2164 (2010) (internal quotation marks
omitted). “‘[A] defendant who seeks reversal of [her] conviction after a guilty plea, on
the ground that the district court committed plain error under Rule 11, must show a
reasonable probability that, but for the error, [s]he would not have entered the plea.’”
Hall, 515 F.3d at 194 (quoting United States v. Dominquez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74, 83
(2004)).
The District Court’s colloquy covered Sanassie’s right to plead not guilty, her trial
rights, the waiver of her rights by pleading guilty, the government’s factual allegations,
the nature of the charges filed against her, the maximum possible penalty, and that
sentencing recommendations of the United States Probation Office and the prosecutor
were not binding on the District Court. Although it substantially complied with Rule 11
of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the District Court erred in failing to address
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the government’s right to prosecute Sanassie for perjury, Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(1)(A), or
advise her of the court’s authority to impose restitution. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(1)(K).
Further, while the court informed Sanassie of her right to counsel pursuant to Federal
Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(b)(1)(D), she was not specifically informed of her right to
court-appointed counsel for trial or other future proceedings. Nonetheless, Sanassie
cannot demonstrate that the errors affected her substantial rights or seriously affected the
fairness of the judicial proceedings.
Had Sanassie not pled guilty, she would have forfeited the three-point reduction
for acceptance of responsibility, and greatly increased her potential prison exposure. It
would be patently unreasonable for Sanassie to reject a plea agreement with an advisory
guidelines range of thirty to thirty-seven months, and expose herself to a much lengthier
prison term, because she was not informed of the potential for a perjury charge if she lied
to the District Court. Moreover, there is nothing in the record which reflects that
Sanassie perjured herself or that the government may bring perjury charges against her.
The other oversights in the plea colloquy were equally inconsequential. Nothing
in the record indicates that she would have abandoned her plea had she been informed of
her right to court-appointed counsel if her retained counsel had been granted leave to
withdraw from the case. Moreover, Sanassie’s plea agreement, which she reviewed with
counsel, stated that she “agree[d] to forfeit all interests in any fraud-related asset that the
defendant currently owns . . . including, but not limited to $417,406.35.” (A. at 49.) In
summary, the District Court conducted a thorough plea colloquy that complied with Rule
11 in all substantial respects, and correctly accepted Sanassie’s plea as knowing,
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voluntary, and intelligent. See United States v. Tannis, 942 F.2d 196, 197 (3d Cir. 1991)
(“No non-frivolous appellate issue can fairly be presented as to the adequacy of the Rule
11 colloquy” where record established defendant understood the charge to which she pled
guilty, the voluntariness of the plea, and factual basis of the plea).
Finally, we discern no arguable issue concerning Sanassie’s sentence. A
sentencing court is directed to follow a three-step sentencing process: (1) calculate a
defendant’s advisory sentencing guidelines range; (2) formally rule on any departure
motions; and (3) consider the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors in imposing a sentence. United
States v. Tomko, 562 F.3d 558, 567 (3d Cir. 2009) (en banc). We review the procedural
and substantive reasonableness of a sentence under an abuse of discretion standard. Id.The District Court complied with the three-step sentencing process, and did not abuse its
discretion.
At sentencing, all counsel agreed that Sanassie had a total offense level of nineteen
after accounting for a three-point reduction for acceptance of responsibility. (A. 57.)
With a criminal history category of I, Sanassie’s advisory sentencing guidelines range
was thirty to thirty-seven months’ imprisonment. Furthermore, the parties agreed that the
range of supervised release was two to three years, and admitted that the court properly
calculated the advisory guidelines range. (Id. at 58.) A departure motion was not filed.
The District Court adequately considered the section 3553(a) factors. The court
recognized that Sanassie was a sophisticated businessperson, specifically acknowledged
factors to consider when exercising its sentencing judgment, and observed that she filed
multiple fraudulent claims for unclaimed property. (Id. at 81-87.) Ultimately, however,
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the District Court imposed a sentence that was twenty percent below the minimum in the
applicable sentencing guidelines range. Under these circumstances, we cannot conclude
that Sanassie’s sentence was unreasonable. Accordingly, any appeal of Sanassie’s
sentence lacks merit.
III.
Appellate counsel adequately fulfilled the requirements of Anders. Our
independent review of the record does not reveal any nonfrivolous grounds for appeal.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the Judgment of the District Court, and
appellate counsel’s Anders motion will be granted. 3
3
Sanassie is hereby advised that under the Criminal Justice Act counsel is not
obligated to file a petition for rehearing in this Court or a petition for writ of certiorari in
the United States Supreme Court. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 35.4; 3d Cir. L.A.R. 109.2(b). If
Sanassie wants to pursue these avenues, she must do so either through retained counsel or
pro se.
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