Jackson v. Tinicum ( 2009 )

Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
2-10-2009
Jackson v. Tinicum
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 07-2049
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"Jackson v. Tinicum" (2009). 2009 Decisions. Paper 1894.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
Nos. 07-1988, 07-2049, 07-2108
___________
GUY DOUGLAS JACKSON,
Appellee,
v.
TINICUM TOWNSHIP; RALPH L. SLATTEN IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITIES; JOSEPH MARINO IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITIES; WILLIAM DEAN IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITIES; R. KEITH ZURINSKY IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITIES; JOHN DOE IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL CAPACITIES;
JAMES ROE IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL CAPACITIES; and DENNIS
DALY IN HIS OFFICIAL AND INDIVIDUAL CAPACITIES;
Appellants.
___________
Appeal from the Order of the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(No. 05-cv-03854)
District Judge: Honorable Ronald L. Buckwalter
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
on January 8, 2009
Before: FUENTES, FISHER, and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
(Opinion Filed: February 10, 2009 )
FUENTES, Circuit Judge:
Guy Douglas Jackson brought this suit against numerous officers of several
Philadelphia-area police departments (as well the Tinicum Township Police Department)
alleging claims of excessive force, unreasonable seizure and detention, failure to provide
medical treatment, and failure to train, as well as ancillary state law claims sounding in
civil conspiracy, assault and battery, false arrest, and defamation. At the close of
discovery, the Appellees moved for summary judgment, arguing that they were entitled to
qualified immunity. The District Court granted the motion in regard to the state civil
conspiracy charge, but denied the motion in regard to all other federal and state claims.
The officers and township now appeal. For the reasons stated below, we will affirm.
I.
Because we write exclusively for the parties, we only discuss the facts and
proceedings to the extent necessary for the resolution of this case.
On January 25, 2005, Appellant Jackson checked into the Comfort Inn in
Essington, Pennsylvania. At 6:30 that evening, a guest in a neighboring room reported
hearing a sustained moaning emanating from Jackson’s room, and notified the employees
at the front desk. The Comfort Inn employees attempted to contact Jackson, but the door
was locked and their knocks went unheeded. Unable to gain entrance, the employees
reported the situation to the Tinicum Township Police Department.
Tincicum Township Police Officers Slatten, Zurinsky, Dean, and Marino
responded. Shortly thereafter, officers from a variety of other jurisdictions arrived at the
scene. While the other officers arrived, a Comfort Inn maintenance man, Mr. Zizza, pried
open Jackson’s door with a crowbar, and the Tinicum officers kicked the door in. After
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the door was opened, the officers from Tinicum – along with Officer Daly and perhaps
one other officer – entered the room. The other officers that had arrived at the scene
remained outside the door. During this time, Mr. Zizza recalled that an officer opined to
the other officers that Jackson probably had ingested angel dust (PCP).
The initial wave of officers found Jackson sitting cross-legged on the floor,
moaning, and wearing only a t-shirt. Officers Dean and Slatton approached Jackson and
touched him, causing Jackson to tense and “rear up.” The Tinicum Officers responded by
subduing Jackson with pepper spray, wrestling him to the ground, and punching him
repeatedly. The officers then tied Jackson’s hands and ankles behind his back. During
this time, Officer Daly was present and assisting the Tinicum officers.
Once immobilized, medical personnel were summoned and Jackson was
transported to the Crozer Chester Medical Center. While the officers subdued Jackson,
the rest of the officers – that is, those other than the Tinicum officers, Officer Daly, and
perhaps one other officer – remained outside the door, within earshot.
At the hospital, medical personnel determined that Jackson had been moaning in
the motel room due to a brain aneurism, which had rendered him unable to respond to
external stimuli. As a result of the officers’ efforts to subdue him, Jackson suffered rug
burns, multi-layer wounds, several broken ribs, a collapsed lung, injuries to his back,
neck, wrists, and hands, and the loss of two teeth.
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II.
We derive our jurisdiction from 28 U.S.C. § 1291. This appeal is properly before
us because the issue in the District Court was Appellants’ entitlement to qualified
immunity. Qualified immunity protects officials from suit, not just liability, and thus “is
effectively lost” when a case proceeds to trial. Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526
(1985); Forbes v. Twp. of Lower Merion, 313 F.3d 144, 147 (3d Cir. 2002). Therefore,
“[w]hen a defendant moves for summary judgment based on qualified immunity, the
denial of the motion may be appealed immediately under the collateral-order doctrine
. . . .” Id.
Our review of the District Court’s order is somewhat limited. We do not have
jurisdiction to review a district court’s summary judgment order “insofar as that order
determines whether or not the pretrial record sets forth a ‘genuine’ issue of fact for trial.”
Johnson v. Jones, 515 U.S. 304, 319-20 (1995); Blaylock v. City of Philadelphia, 504
F.3d 405, 409 (3d Cir. 2007) (“[I]f a district court determines that there is sufficient
record evidence to support a set of facts under which there would be no immunity, we
must accept that set of facts on interlocutory review.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
We do have jurisdiction, however, “to review whether the set of facts identified by the
district court is sufficient to establish a violation of a clearly established constitutional
right.” Ziccardi v. City of Philadelphia, 288 F.3d 57, 61 (3d Cir. 2002).
We find that the District Court specified an adequate factual basis to warrant the
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denial of summary judgment based on qualified immunity. The District Court considered
the evidence presented by the parties and determined that the facts justified dividing
Appellants into three distinct groups, with membership in each group dependant on each
Appellant’s proximity to the scene of the incident and the specific constitutional
violations each allegedly committed. The District Court then identified which specific
facts supported a finding of unconstitutional behavior, noting when its findings applied to
each individual member of each group. These facts identified by the District Court, if
proven at trial, are surely adequate to substantiate unreasonable constitutional violations.
Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s denial of summary judgment.
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