Jarrett v. Secretary Army ( 2003 )

Opinions of the United
2003 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
1-30-2003
Jarrett v. Secretary Army
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket 02-3019
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2003
Recommended Citation
"Jarrett v. Secretary Army" (2003). 2003 Decisions. Paper 834.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2003/834
This decision is brought to you for free and open access by the Opinions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit at Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2003 Decisions by an authorized administrator of Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. For more information, please contact Benjamin.Carlson@law.villanova.edu.
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
_______________
No. 02-3019
_______________
CLARENCE E. JARRETT,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
THOMAS E. WHITE, Honorable,
Secretary of the Army,
_______________
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
(D.C. Civil No. 01-800)
District Judge: The Honorable Gregory M. Sleet
_______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
January 23, 2003
(Filed: January 30, 2003)
BEFORE: NYGAARD, AMBRO, and LOURIE, * Circuit Judges.
_______________
*
Honorable Alan D. Lourie, Circuit Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, sitting by designation.
OPINION OF THE COURT
_______________
PER CURIAM.
DECISION
Clarence E. Jarrett appeals from the decision of the United States District Court for
the District of Delaware dismissing certain counts of his complaint and granting summary
judgment in favor of the defendant on the remaining counts. Jarrett v. White, No. 01-800,
slip op. at 17 (D. Del. June 17, 2002). Because jurisdiction over this appeal lies in the
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, not this court, we transfer the
appeal to the Federal Circuit.
DISCUSSION
Mr. Jarrett served in the Army from August 2, 1967, to April 3, 1969, at which time
he was removed from the Army with an undesirable discharge. Id. at 3, 5. This case arises
from Jarrett’s attempts to upgrade the nature of his discharge from undesirable to
honorable.
Soon after his discharge, in 1970, Jarrett requested that the Army Discharge Review
Board upgrade his discharge. Id. at 5. The Review Board denied his request on March 18,
1971, id.; however, Jarrett alleges that he never received the Review Board’s
decision, and that he therefore assumed that his discharge had been upgraded. Only in
2
1997, when Jarrett sought and was denied medical treatment at a veterans hospital on the
ground that he had been undesirably discharged, according to Jarrett, did he realize that his
discharge status had not been changed.
Thereafter, on May 10, 1999, Jarrett applied to the Army Board for Correction of
Military Records (“ABCMR”) for a change in his discharge status. The ABCMR, however,
denied Jarrett’s request in a decision dated July 20, 2000. Id. On December 3, 2001,
Jarrett filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, seeking
review of the ABCMR’s decision on several statutory bases, including the Administrative
Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. § 701; the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a(d); and the Little
Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346. Jarrett’s Little Tucker Act claim included a claim for
monetary damages in an amount of up to $10,000. Id. at 1. The court granted the Army
summary judgment on Jarrett’s APA challenge, id. at 16, and dismissed Jarrett’s Privacy
Act and Little Tucker Act claims on the ground that they were untimely. Id. at 8 (Little
Tucker Act), 11 (Privacy Act). Following the Federal Circuit’s decision in Hurick v.
Lehman, 782 F.2d 984 (Fed. Cir. 1992), the court held that Jarrett’s cause of action under
the Little Tucker Act accrued at the time of his discharge in 1969, and that his 2001
complaint was therefore well after the date of the Little Tucker Act’s six-year statute of
limitations, as specified in 28 U.S.C. § 2501. Jarrett, slip op. at 8-11.
Jarrett has appealed the district court’s decisions on his APA and Privacy Act
claims. He concedes his Little Tucker Act claim, for purposes of this appeal, pending the
Federal Circuit’s consideration whether Hurick should be overruled, see Martinez v. United
States, 272 F.3d 1335 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (order inviting parties and amici to file briefs
3
addressing whether Hurick should be overruled). Jarrett asserts that this court has
jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Although the Army has not
challenged Jarrett’s jurisdictional assertion, we are obliged to examine that question sua
sponte to assure ourselves that we have the power to decide this appeal. Club Comanche,
Inc. v. Virgin Islands, 278 F.3d 250, 255 (3d Cir. 2002). We conclude that we do not.
The Little Tucker Act confers concurrent jurisdiction over certain claims against the
United States on both the district courts and the United States Court of Federal Claims.
With certain exceptions not relevant here, that act provides that:
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United
States Court of Federal Claims, of:
***
(2) Any other civil action or claim against the United States, not
exceeding $10,000 in amount, founded either upon the Constitution, or any
Act of Congress, or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any
express or implied contract with the United States, or for liquidated or
unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort . . . .
28 U.S.C. § 1346(a)(2) (2000).1
One of Jarrett’s claims was expressly based on the Little Tucker Act. Count IV of
his complaint sought correction of his military records and “appropriate relief,” including
“any back pay and allowances up to and including the amount of $10,000.000 [sic], interest
and the costs of this action.” Amended Discharge Review Complaint at 11, Jarrett (No. 01-
8000). Jarrett’s other claims rested on different jurisdictional bases, viz., the APA and the
Privacy Act. Nonetheless, Jarrett invoked the district court’s jurisdiction in part under the
1
The so-called Big Tucker Act is codified at 28 U.S.C. § 1491 and grants the Court of
Federal Claims exclusive jurisdiction over similar monetary claims against the United States
regardless of the amount at stake.
4
Little Tucker Act.
Because the district court’s jurisdiction was based at least partially on the Little
Tucker Act, appellate jurisdiction rests exclusively in the Federal Circuit. This is so
because, with certain exceptions not relevant here, 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a) provides that:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have
exclusive jurisdiction —
***
(2) of an appeal from a final decision of a district court of the United
States . . . if the jurisdiction of that court was based, in whole or in part, on
section 1346 of this title . . . .
28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(2) (2000) (emphases added). In United States v. Hohri, 482 U.S. 64(1987), the Supreme Court construed that statutory language, stating, “We hold that a mixed
case, presenting both a nontax Little Tucker Act claim and an FTCA [Federal Torts Claim
Act] claim, may be appealed only to the Federal Circuit.” Id. at 75-76. The same result
follows regardless of the nature of the other federal question claims (i.e., whether they be
FTCA, APA, or Privacy Act claims). See Chabal v. Reagan, 822 F.2d 349, 354 (3d Cir.
1987) (“[W]hen a monetary claim against the United States covered by the Little Tucker
Act has been joined with a non-monetary claim in the district court, the Federal Circuit has
exclusive jurisdiction over the appeal. . . . The regional circuits have uniformly recognized
that all such appeals should be transferred to the Federal Circuit.”) (citations omitted); see
also Rothe Dev. Corp. v. Dep’t of Def., 262 F.3d 1306, 1316 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (“Under 28
U.S.C. § 1295(a)(2) (1994), this court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear appeals and decide
all issues raised in cases in which the district court’s subject matter jurisdiction is ‘based,
in whole or in part,’ on the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346(a)(2) (1994).”).
5
Jarrett’s conditional concession of the Little Tucker Act claim for purposes of this
appeal does not alter our jurisdictional analysis. The district court’s jurisdiction was based
on Jarrett’s complaint. Subsequent events, especially those occurring after a Notice of
Appeal was filed from the district court’s decision, cannot alter the district court’s
jurisdiction basis. Westmoreland Hosp. Ass’n v. Blue Cross of W. Pa., 605 F.2d 119, 123
(3d Cir. 1979).
We are aware of the case of Hahn v. United States, 757 F.2d 581 (3d Cir. 1985), in
which this court did review non-Tucker Act claims in an ostensibly mixed case having Little
Tucker Act claims and other claims. In Hahn, the plaintiff brought suit in the district court
seeking both monetary and non-monetary relief. Id. at 585. On appeal, the court held that
the monetary claim exceeded the $10,000 limit of the Little Tucker Act and remanded that
portion of the case “to either permit the plaintiffs to amend their complaint to waive
damages in excess of $10,000, or to transfer those claims to the [Court of Federal
Claims].” Id. at 590. It went on to review the merits of the non-monetary claims, but did so
because the size of the plaintiff’s monetary claim meant that the district court’s jurisdiction
could not have been based at all on the Little Tucker Act; instead, the district court’s
jurisdiction was based on the other, non-monetary, claims. See also Shaw v. Gwatney, 795
F.2d 1351, 1356 (8th Cir. 1986). This case, unlike Hahn, but like the subsequent decision
in Hohri by the United States Supreme Court, presents a genuine mixed case of a Little
Tucker Act claim within its statutory monetary limit as well as other claims, and is
therefore appealable only to the Federal Circuit because the district court’s jurisdiction
was truly based in part on the Little Tucker Act. The Hahn court itself noted that under
6
facts essentially the same as in this case, jurisdiction would lie in the Federal Circuit.
Hahn, 757 F2d. at 588 n.3 (“If plaintiffs have effectively waived claims in excess of
$10,000, then appellate jurisdiction would reside exclusively with the Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit.”) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1295).2
Because we hold that the Federal Circuit, not this court, has exclusive jurisdiction
over this appeal, we hereby transfer the appeal to the Federal Circuit, pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1631.
2
We also note that Hahn was decided before the Supreme Court in Hohri expressed
disfavor of “bifurcated appeals,” as might result under the Hahn approach. Hohri, 482 U.S.
at 69 n.3.
7
TO THE CLERK:
Please file the foregoing opinion.
__________________________________
Circuit Judge