William Bullock v. Bimbo Bakeries USA , 414 F. App'x 470 ( 2011 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 10-3276
___________
WILLIAM BULLOCK,
Appellant
v.
BIMBO BAKERIES USA INC;
ANGIE LASHOMB
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civil Action No. 09-cv-01902)
District Judge: Honorable Christopher C. Conner
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
January 21, 2011
Before: FUENTES, GREENAWAY, JR., and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: February 22, 2011)
___________
OPINION
___________
PER CURIAM
William Bullock, pro se, appeals from the April 27, 2010 order of the United
States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania granting judgment in favor
of Bimbo Bakeries USA and Angie LaShomb (the “Defendants”), and the July 1, 2010
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order denying Bullock’s “Motion for Clarification” of the order of the dismissal. For the
reasons discussed below, we will affirm.
I.
Bullock’s complaint arises from the Defendants’ garnishment of Bullock’s wages
between February 2009 and December 2009. The garnishment was instituted pursuant to
a Notice of Levy from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) which ordered the company 1
to turn over a percentage of Bullock’s wages to satisfy unpaid taxes. Bullock complained
to the company that he believed that the IRS did not have authority to apply a tax levy
against him. He requested that the company discontinue or reduce the garnishment,
which they refused to do absent a written directive from the IRS. In September 2009,
Bullock brought suit against the Defendants asserting claims under Pennsylvania’s
criminal theft statutes and violations of his rights under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments
to the United States Constitution. 2
The Defendants moved for judgment on the pleadings. The Magistrate Judge
issued a Report and Recommendation (“R&R) recommending that the Defendants’
motion be granted because (1) Pennsylvania law does not permit a private right of action
for theft; (2) Bullock’s constitutional claims are not cognizable against the Defendants
1
The District Court noted that although Bimbo Bakeries USA and Angie
LaShomb were named as Defendants, the proper company-defendant is Carlisle
Foods, Inc. Because the District Court dismissed the action in its entirety, it did
not decide whether Bimbo Bakeries USA was a proper defendant in this case.
Because we will affirm the judgment for the Defendants, we need not reach this
issue either.
2
The suit was originally brought in the Court of Common Pleas for Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania. The Defendants removed the action to federal court in
October 2009.
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who are private parties, rather than governmental actors; and (3) pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §
6332, Defendants are immune from liability for honoring an IRS tax levy.
On April 27, 2010, the District Court adopted the R&R and entered judgment in
favor the Defendants and against Bullock on all claims. On May 24, 2010, Bullock filed
a “Motion for Clarification” asking the District Court to clarify certain points of its order.
On July 1, 2010, the Court denied the motion as untimely and meritless. On July 23,
2010, Bullock filed a Writ of Mandamus, which we treat as a Notice of Appeal.
II.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. 3 Our review of a ruling on a motion
for judgment on the pleadings is plenary. Sikirica v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 214,
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Even though the Appellees challenge our jurisdiction over this appeal, we are
satisfied that we have jurisdiction. Subject to certain exceptions, a notice of
appeal must be filed within 30 days from the disputed order’s entry date. Fed. R.
App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). The District Court entered its order of dismissal on April 27,
2010. Bullock filed his Notice of Appeal on July 23, 2010, more than 30 days
later. However, on May 24, 2010, Bullock filed a Motion for Clarification of the
District Court’s April 27 final order, which we construe liberally. See United
States v. Miller, 197 F.3d 644, 648 (3d Cir. 1999) (“[F]ederal courts have long
recognized that they have an obligation to look behind the label of a motion filed
by a pro se [litigant] and determine whether the motion is, in effect, cognizable
under a different remedial statutory framework”). Although captioned a “Motion
for Clarification,” Bullock’s motion, which argues that the district court’s legal
analysis was flawed, is effectively a motion for reconsideration under Rule 59(e).
See United States v. Fiorelli, 337 F.3d 282, 288 (3d Cir. 2003) (“Rule 59(e) is a
‘device to relitigate the original issue’ decided by the district court, and used to
allege legal error”) (citation omitted). A timely filed motion under Rule 59(e) tolls
the time to file an appeal until the District Court enters an order disposing of the
motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv). Bullock filed his motion on May 24,
2010, within the 28 days required by Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). Therefore Bullock had
30 days from July 1, 2010, the date the District Court denied the Motion for
Clarification, to file a notice of appeal. He did so on July 23, 2010, well within
the 30-day limit.
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219 (3d Cir. 2005). Judgment will be granted only where the moving party clearly
establishes that there are no material issues of fact, and that he is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. DiCarlo v. St. Mary Hosp., 530 F.3d 255, 259 (3d Cir. 2008).
To the extent that Bullock’s appeal challenges the District Court’s July 1, 2010
ruling on his Motion for Clarification, we also have authority to review that order under
28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review an order denying a motion for reconsideration for abuse of
discretion. Brown v. Phila. Hous. Auth., 350 F.3d 338, 342 (3d Cir. 2003).
III.
The allegations in the Complaint are that the Defendants violated Bullock’s rights
under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the United States Constitution by garnishing
his wages in compliance with an IRS tax levy and that the Defendants are liable to him
for theft of monies under 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. §§ 1106, 3901, 3903, 3921, 3923, and
3927.
Anyone who honors an IRS levy “shall be discharged from any obligation or
liability to the delinquent taxpayer and any other person with respect to such property. . .
.” 26 U.S.C. § 6332(e). The District Court correctly concluded that the Defendants are
immune from liability under this provision based on the allegations in the Complaint.
See e.g., Congress Talcott Corp. v. Gruber, 993 F.2d 315, 318 (3d Cir. 1993) (“A third
party who honors the levy and surrenders the property has no liability to the delinquent
taxpayer”). Bullock’s argument that a levy on a private citizen is not enforceable without
a court order and notice of seizure is without merit, and in any event is irrelevant as §
6332(e) discharges the Defendants from any liability arising from its honoring of an IRS
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levy, whether or not the levy was validly imposed.
Even if the Defendants were not insulated from liability by § 6332(e) for
complying with the levy, Bullock has stated no other cognizable basis for relief. As the
District Court properly determined, there is no private cause of action for alleged theft
crimes under Pennsylvania law, and Bullock concedes as much in his brief on appeal.
See Appellant’s Br. 17. Bullock’s claims under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the
United States Constitution must also fail because they cannot be maintained against
private actors. See Pub. Utils. Comm’n of D.C. v. Pollak, 343 U.S. 451, 461-62 (1952).
Bullock’s complaint does not allege that the Defendants are government actors, and the
fact that the Defendants complied with an IRS tax levy by garnishing Bullock’s wages is
insufficient to characterize them as such. See e.g., Smith v. Kitchen, 156 F.3d 1025,
1029 (10th Cir. 1997) (holding that “where the only ‘act’ by the defendants was to
comply with a lawful levy from the Internal Revenue Service, no reasonable person could
conclude that the defendants can fairly be characterized as governmental actors”). We
have considered Bullock’s other arguments on appeal and find them without merit.
Bullock’s Motion for Clarification did not introduce any new arguments or
evidence and the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion.
IV.
For these reasons, we will affirm.
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