Michael Kenta Davis v. Justin Andrews ( 2018 )

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 18-6123
MICHAEL KENTA DAVIS,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v.
JUSTIN ANDREWS, Warden,
Respondent - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at
Raleigh. W. Earl Britt, Senior District Judge. (5:17-hc-02047-BR)
Submitted: June 7, 2018 Decided: June 25, 2018
Before KING and FLOYD, Circuit Judges, and SHEDD, Senior Circuit Judge.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Michael Kenta Davis, Appellant Pro Se.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Michael Kenta Davis, a federal prisoner, appeals the district court’s order
dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2241 (2012) petition without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction.
We review de novo whether a prisoner may bring a challenge pursuant to § 2241. Yi v.
Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 412 F.3d 526, 530 (4th Cir. 2005). Generally, federal prisoners
“are required to bring collateral attacks challenging the validity of their judgment and
sentence by filing a motion to vacate sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 [(2012)].” In
re Vial, 115 F.3d 1192, 1194 (4th Cir. 1997). A federal prisoner may, however, file a
§ 2241 petition challenging his conviction if § 2255 is “inadequate or ineffective to test
the legality of [his] detention.” In re Jones, 226 F.3d 328, 333 (4th Cir. 2000) (internal
quotation marks omitted); see 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e) (2012). Section 2255 is inadequate or
ineffective to test the legality of a sentence when:
(1) at the time of sentencing, settled law of this circuit or the Supreme
Court established the legality of the sentence; (2) subsequent to the
prisoner’s direct appeal and first § 2255 motion, the aforementioned settled
substantive law changed and was deemed to apply retroactively on
collateral review; (3) the prisoner is unable to meet the gatekeeping
provisions of § 2255(h)(2) for second or successive motions; and (4) due to
this retroactive change, the sentence now presents an error sufficiently
grave to be deemed a fundamental defect.
United States v. Wheeler, 886 F.3d 415, 429 (4th Cir. 2018).
In his § 2241 petition, Davis sought to challenge his career offender designation
based on Mathis v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 2243 (2016). However, Mathis merely
clarified when a court must apply the categorical approach, rather than the modified
categorical approach, in determining the nature of a prior conviction, and did not effect a
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change in the law. Muhammad v. Wilson, 715 F. App’x 251, 252 (4th Cir. 2017) (No. 14-
7735) (“Mathis did not announce a substantive change to the law.”). Davis, therefore,
cannot bring this challenge in a § 2241 petition.
Accordingly, although we grant leave to proceed in forma pauperis, we affirm the
district court’s order and deny Davis’ motion to assign counsel. We dispense with oral
argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the
materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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