United States v. Daniel Cortez-Meza , 457 F. App'x 313 ( 2011 )


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  •                             UNPUBLISHED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    No. 10-4346
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff - Appellee,
    v.
    DANIEL CORTEZ-MEZA, a/k/a Daniel Herrera,
    Defendant - Appellant.
    No. 10-4347
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff - Appellee,
    v.
    ALEJANDRO ZAVALA-LOPEZ, a/k/a Alejandro Zavala,
    Defendant - Appellant.
    No. 10-4573
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff - Appellee,
    v.
    CARLOS ALEX HERNANDEZ-RODRIGUEZ, a/k/a Alex, a/k/a Sergio
    Mendoza Gallardo,
    Defendant - Appellant.
    Appeals from the United States District Court for the District
    of South Carolina, at Columbia.        Cameron McGowan Currie,
    District   Judge.    (3:09-cr-00390-CMC-7;  3:09-cr-00390-CMC-8;
    3:09-cr-00390-CMC-2)
    Submitted:   November 28, 2011           Decided:   December 13, 2011
    Before WILKINSON, MOTZ, and AGEE, Circuit Judges.
    Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
    Ola A. Johnson, Lexington, South Carolina; Debra Y. Chapman,
    DEBRA Y. CHAPMAN, PA, Columbia, South Carolina; Jonathan M.
    Milling, MILLING LAW FIRM, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, for
    Appellants.    Robert Claude Jendron, Jr., Mark C. Moore,
    Assistant United States Attorneys, Columbia, South Carolina, for
    Appellee.
    Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
    2
    PER CURIAM:
    Daniel   Cortez-Meza       and    Alejandro     Zavala-Lopez           pled
    guilty, pursuant to written plea agreements, to conspiracy to
    distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 
    21 U.S.C. § 846
         (2006),    and      possession    with     the       intent      to
    distribute     a    quantity   of   cocaine,     in   violation      of    
    21 U.S.C. § 841
    (a)(1), (b)(1)(C) (2006).                Carlos Hernandez-Rodriguez pled
    guilty, pursuant to a written plea agreement, to conspiracy to
    distribute 50 grams or more of methamphetamine, 5 kilograms or
    more of cocaine, and 500 grams or more of a mixture containing a
    detectable amount of methamphetamine, in violation of 
    21 U.S.C. § 846
    , and conspiracy to commit money laundering, in violation
    of 
    18 U.S.C. § 1956
    (h) (2006).                 Both Cortez-Meza and Zavala-
    Lopez were sentenced to the 120-month statutory minimum sentence
    for   their    crimes.     Hernandez-Rodriguez         was     sentenced        to    240
    months’ imprisonment, a downward variance from the Guidelines
    range.
    Appellants’ attorneys submitted a consolidated brief
    in accordance with Anders v. California, 
    386 U.S. 738
     (1967),
    questioning the        adequacy     of   Appellants’    Fed.    R.    Crim.      P.    11
    hearings      and    whether   Appellants’        sentences     are       reasonable.
    Although each Appellant received notice of his right to file a
    3
    pro se supplemental brief, only Zavala-Lopez did so. 1                           Because we
    find no meritorious grounds for appeal, we affirm the district
    court’s judgments.
    Appellants first question whether the district court
    adequately advised them during their Rule 11 hearings.                              Prior to
    accepting a guilty plea, a district court must conduct a plea
    colloquy in which it informs the defendant of, and determines
    that    the    defendant       comprehends,      the   nature       of     the   charge    to
    which he is pleading guilty, any mandatory minimum penalty, the
    maximum       possible       penalty   he    faces,     and        the     rights     he   is
    relinquishing         by    pleading   guilty.         Fed.    R.     Crim.      P.    11(b);
    United States v. DeFusco, 
    949 F.2d 114
    , 116 (4th Cir. 1991).
    Additionally, the district court “must determine that there is a
    factual       basis    for    the   plea.”       Fed.    R.        Crim.    P.    11(b)(3).
    Finally, the district court must ensure that the defendant’s
    plea was voluntary and did not result from force, threats, or
    promises not contained in the plea agreement.                         Fed. R. Crim. P.
    11(b)(2).        “In reviewing the adequacy of compliance with Rule
    11,    this    Court       should   accord   deference        to    the    trial      court’s
    1
    With regard to Zavala-Lopez’s claim of ineffective
    assistance of counsel, we decline to address this claim because
    it is not cognizable on direct appeal where, as here, there is
    no conclusive evidence supporting his claim apparent on the face
    of the record.   United States v. King, 
    119 F.3d 290
    , 295 (4th
    Cir. 1997).
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    decision as to how best to conduct the mandated colloquy with
    the defendant.”       DeFusco, 
    949 F.2d at 116
    .
    Because Appellants did not move in the district court
    to   withdraw      their    guilty    pleas,       any    error    in    the     Rule     11
    hearings     is    reviewed     for    plain       error.         United       States     v.
    Martinez, 
    277 F.3d 517
    , 525 (4th Cir. 2002).                      To establish plain
    error, Appellants “must show: (1) an error was made; (2) the
    error is plain; and (3) the error affects substantial rights.”
    United   States     v.     Massenburg,      
    564 F.3d 337
    ,    342-43      (4th     Cir.
    2009).     However,        “[t]he    decision      to    correct       the    error     lies
    within our discretion, and we exercise that discretion only if
    the error seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public
    reputation    of    judicial        proceedings.”          
    Id. at 343
         (internal
    quotation marks omitted).
    We have thoroughly reviewed the records in this case
    and conclude that the district court fully complied with Rule 11
    in   accepting     guilty     pleas    from      Cortez-Meza      and    Zavala-Lopez.
    Although     the    district        court       made     one   minor         omission    in
    Hernandez-Rodriguez’s plea hearing by failing to inform him of
    the penalties for perjury if he lied under oath, that omission
    did not affect Hernandez-Rodriguez’s substantial rights.                                See
    
    id. at 344
     (“[T]he mere existence of an error cannot satisfy the
    requirement that [defendant] show that his substantial rights
    were affected.”).           Moreover, each Appellant’s plea was knowing
    5
    and   voluntary,        and    each    plea    was     adequately       supported         by   a
    factual basis.          See DeFusco, 
    949 F.2d at 116, 119-20
    .
    Appellants also question the reasonableness of their
    sentences.        This court reviews a sentence for reasonableness
    applying     an     abuse-of-discretion              standard.         Gall       v.     United
    States, 
    552 U.S. 38
    , 51 (2007).                     In determining the procedural
    reasonableness of a sentence, we consider whether the district
    court    properly        calculated      the       Guidelines    range,       treated      the
    Guidelines        as     advisory,      considered       the      § 3553(a)            factors,
    analyzed     any         arguments       presented        by     the      parties,          and
    sufficiently explained the selected sentence.                          Id.    Finally, we
    review     the         substantive       reasonableness          of     the        sentence,
    “examin[ing] the totality of the circumstances.”                             United States
    v. Mendoza-Mendoza, 
    597 F.3d 212
    , 216 (4th Cir. 2010).
    Because           Appellants       did     not      request       a        sentence
    different than the sentences ultimately imposed, the sentences
    are reviewed for plain error.                  United States v. Lynn, 
    592 F.3d 572
    , 578 (4th Cir. 2010); see Massenburg, 
    564 F.3d at 342-43
    (discussing plain error standard).                      Here, the district court
    followed      the        necessary       procedural          steps      in        sentencing
    Appellants,         properly          calculating        the      Guidelines             range,
    considering the § 3553(a) factors, and sentencing each Appellant
    to the very sentence he requested: in the cases of Cortez-Meza
    and Zavala-Lopez, to the mandatory minimum sentences, and in the
    6
    case of Hernandez-Rodriguez, a downward variant sentence well
    below his advisory Guidelines range. 2               Hence, we conclude that
    the sentences imposed by the district court were reasonable.
    In accordance with Anders, we have reviewed the record
    in these cases and have found no meritorious issues for appeal.
    We therefore affirm the district court’s judgments.                     This court
    requires that counsel inform Appellants in writing of the right
    to petition the Supreme Court of the United States for further
    review.    If Appellants request that such petitions be filed, but
    counsel believes that the petitions would be frivolous, then
    counsel    may    move   in    this   court   for    leave   to   withdraw    from
    representation.      Counsel’s motion must state that a copy thereof
    was served on the respective Appellant.
    We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
    legal    contentions     are    adequately     presented     in   the    materials
    before    the    court   and   argument      would   not   aid    the   decisional
    process.
    AFFIRMED
    2
    In his pro se brief, Zavala-Lopez contends the district
    court failed to make a proper drug quantity finding and failed
    to adequately explain the basis for the sentence it imposed. We
    have carefully considered Zavala-Lopez’s arguments and conclude
    they are without merit.
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