United States v. Gustavo Hernandez-Luna , 457 F. App'x 335 ( 2011 )


Menu:
  •                             UNPUBLISHED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    No. 11-4214
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff – Appellee,
    v.
    GUSTAVO HERNANDEZ-LUNA,
    Defendant - Appellant.
    Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
    District of North Carolina, at Greenville. Malcolm J. Howard,
    Senior District Judge. (5:10-cr-00313-H-1)
    Submitted:   November 8, 2011             Decided:   December 14, 2011
    Before NIEMEYER, KING, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
    Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
    Thomas P. McNamara, Federal Public Defender, Stephen C. Gordon,
    Assistant Federal Public Defender, Raleigh, North Carolina, for
    Appellant. Thomas G. Walker, United States Attorney, Jennifer P.
    May-Parker,   Kristine   L.   Fritz,  Assistant   United  States
    Attorneys, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee.
    Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
    PER CURIAM:
    Gustavo      Hernandez-Luna         appeals      from      a     sixty-month
    sentence imposed upon him pursuant to his guilty plea to illegal
    reentry by a convicted felon.                 The presentence report (“PSR”)
    recommended a base offense level of eight and a sixteen-level
    increase    because     Hernandez-Luna         previously       had    been       deported
    after sustaining a conviction for a crime of violence, namely
    aggravated    assault.          See    U.S.     Sentencing       Guidelines            Manual
    § 2L1.2 (2010) (“Section 2L1.2”).                  Hernandez-Luna moved for a
    variance     sentence     and    a    sentence     at     the    low       end    of     the
    Guidelines    range     (fifty-seven       months),       arguing          that   Section
    2L1.2    unreasonably     increased       his    advisory        range,       failed      to
    reflect the statutory sentencing factors, and did not exemplify
    the     Sentencing     Commission’s      exercise       of      its    characteristic
    institutional role.            See Kimbrough v. United States, 
    552 U.S. 85
    , 109-10 (2007) (holding that district courts are entitled to
    reject application of certain Guidelines based on disagreement
    with underlying policy).              The district court denied Hernandez-
    Luna’s     request,     reasoning      that,    given     the     totality         of    his
    criminal     record,      the        enhancement       was      not        unreasonable.
    Hernandez-Luna        argues    on    appeal    that    his      sentence         is    both
    procedurally and substantively unreasonable.                    We affirm.
    2
    We review a sentence imposed by the district court,
    “whether      inside,    just    outside,         or     significantly         outside    the
    Guidelines         range,”    under    a   “deferential            abuse-of-discretion
    standard.”         Gall v. United States, 
    552 U.S. 38
    , 41 (2007).                        This
    review entails appellate consideration of both the procedural
    and substantive reasonableness of the sentence.                         
    Id. at 51
    .
    In    determining       whether      a     sentence       is     procedurally
    reasonable, we first assess whether the district court properly
    calculated the defendant’s Guidelines range.                       
    Id. at 49, 51
    .         We
    then consider whether the district court treated the Guidelines
    as mandatory, failed to consider the 
    18 U.S.C. § 3553
    (a) factors
    and any arguments presented by the parties, selected a sentence
    based    on    “clearly       erroneous       facts,”       or    failed        to   explain
    sufficiently the selected sentence.                    
    Id. at 50-51
    ; United States
    v. Pauley, 
    511 F.3d 468
    , 473 (4th Cir. 2007).                          “When rendering a
    sentence,      the     district       court       must     make    an        individualized
    assessment      based    on    the    facts       presented,”          United    States   v.
    Carter, 
    564 F.3d 325
    , 328 (4th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation
    marks and emphasis omitted), and must “adequately explain the
    chosen sentence to allow for meaningful appellate review and to
    promote the perception of fair sentencing,”                            Gall, 
    552 U.S. at 50
    .     “When imposing a sentence within the Guidelines, however,
    the   [district       court’s]    explanation          need      not    be    elaborate    or
    lengthy because [G]uidelines sentences themselves are in many
    3
    ways tailored to the individual and reflect approximately two
    decades      of    close        attention          to     federal      sentencing      policy.”
    United States v. Hernandez, 
    603 F.3d 267
    , 271 (4th Cir. 2010)
    (internal quotation marks omitted).
    If    the    sentence         is      free     of    significant        procedural
    error, we review the substantive reasonableness of the sentence,
    “tak[ing]      into       account        the       totality       of   the    circumstances.”
    Gall, 
    552 U.S. at 51
    .               If the sentence is within the appropriate
    Guidelines        range,      we    apply      a    presumption        on    appeal    that       the
    sentence is reasonable.                  United States v. Mendoza-Mendoza, 
    597 F.3d 212
    , 217 (4th Cir. 2010).                          Such a presumption is rebutted
    only by showing “that the sentence is unreasonable when measured
    against the § 3553(a) factors.”                         United States v. Montes-Pineda,
    
    445 F.3d 375
    ,      379     (4th     Cir.       2006)    (internal       quotation          marks
    omitted).
    Hernandez-Luna               argues           that       his        sentence        is
    procedurally unreasonable because the district court failed to
    address      his   argument         that       Section      2L1.2      was   an    unreasonable
    enhancement        in     and      of    itself,         without       application         to    his
    specific      circumstances.                   Hernandez-Luna          contends       that       the
    district court only addressed whether the application of the
    Guidelines         was        reasonable             based         upon      his      individual
    characteristics          and       did   not       address    his      actual      claim    as     to
    whether the Guideline was generally inappropriate as a policy
    4
    matter.            “Where        the     defendant           or     prosecutor         presents
    nonfrivolous reasons for imposing a different sentence than that
    set forth in the advisory Guidelines, a district [court] should
    address the party’s arguments and explain why [it] has rejected
    those arguments.”           Carter, 
    564 F.3d at 328
    .
    We        conclude        that     the       district        court       properly
    considered        Hernandez-Luna’s             arguments      in    the    context        of    his
    individual        characteristics.              The    court       read    Hernandez-Luna’s
    memorandum        and    heard     additional         oral    argument.           There    is    no
    indication        that     the   court       misunderstood         the     policy     arguments
    being made or its discretion to impose a variance sentence on
    policy grounds.            In fact, the district court stated that, had
    Hernandez-Luna’s prior conviction been an aberration, the court
    might      have    been     more       inclined       to   agree        with   him    that      the
    Guidelines         range     was       too     harsh.         See        United      States      v.
    Mondragon-Santiago, 
    564 F.3d 357
    , 366-67 (5th Cir. 2009) (noting
    that       district       court’s        consideration             of     policy      decisions
    underlying the Guidelines is part of the § 3553(a) analysis). 1
    1
    Hernandez-Luna argues without support on appeal that
    “[t]he sixteen-level enhancement under § 2L1.2 is either a
    reasonable increase or it is not. . . . The reasonableness . . .
    does not depend upon the defendant to whom it is being applied.”
    Appellant’s Br. at 15. However, the district court is required
    to impose an individualized sentence based on individualized
    reasoning.    Thus, the district court is free to find the
    Guideline appropriate is certain cases and not in others.    See
    United States v. Mitchell, 
    624 F.3d 1023
    , 1028 (9th Cir. 2010)
    (Continued)
    5
    Accordingly,    the    court,    as     required,    provided       individualized
    reasoning for Hernandez-Luna’s sentence and thus there was no
    procedural error.
    Hernandez-Luna      also     argues     that     his     sentence      is
    substantively unreasonable.           Specifically, he contends that, as
    a result of the application of Section 2L1.2, his offense level
    and resulting Guidelines range overrepresented the seriousness
    of his criminal conduct and did not comport with § 3553(a)’s
    overall goal that a sentence not be excessive.                 He also contends
    that   the   Guideline    is    arbitrary     and    was     not    adopted      after
    careful consideration and research.
    Hernandez-Luna      fails       to     overcome        the       appellate
    presumption     that    his    sixty-month        sentence     is    substantively
    reasonable.     He has not demonstrated on appeal that the district
    court erred in its application of Section 2L1.2 and does not
    direct this court to any authority for the proposition that a
    proper   application      of     this    Guideline      produces          a   sentence
    unintended by Congress.          Further, his policy argument, even if
    accepted in other cases, would not require the district court to
    impose   a   sentence    below    the     Guidelines    range.            See    United
    (noting that sentencing judge is empowered to disagree with
    particular Guidelines “when the circumstances in an individual
    case warrant”), cert. denied, 
    131 S. Ct. 1542
     (2011).
    6
    States v. Wilken, 
    498 F.3d 1160
    , 1172 (10th Cir. 2007); see also
    United          States    v.    Lopez,        
    650 F.3d 952
    ,       967    (3d    Cir.       2011)
    (rejecting similar Section 2L1.2 challenge and noting that, even
    where       policy       arguments       have       been    found      valid,     rejection        of
    Guidelines range is not required when court does not, in fact,
    have        a    disagreement          with    the       Guideline       at    issue);          United
    States v. Perez-Frias, 
    636 F.3d 39
    , 43 (2d Cir. 2011) (holding
    that        Section      2L1.2     was      properly        adopted      pursuant          to    usual
    procedures         and    rejecting         policy       challenge       where       the    district
    court        arrived      at     the    sentence         after    application          of       § 3553
    factors).          Hernandez-Luna’s sentence was near the bottom of his
    presumptively            reasonable         Guidelines       range. 2          Accordingly,         we
    conclude          that,        under     the        totality     of      the     circumstances,
    Hernandez-Luna            fails        to      establish         that     his        sentence       is
    substantively unreasonable.
    Because      Hernandez-Luna            fails    to     establish         that    the
    district court abused its discretion in imposing sentence, we
    affirm the district court’s judgment.                              We dispense with oral
    argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately
    2
    Despite Hernandez-Luna’s contention, a Guidelines range
    calculated   under  Section   2L1.2   is   still   presumptively
    reasonable. See Mondragon-Santiago, 
    564 F.3d at 366
    .
    7
    presented in the materials before the court and argument would
    not aid the decisional process.
    AFFIRMED
    8