John Tuttle v. John McHugh , 457 F. App'x 234 ( 2011 )


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  •                               UNPUBLISHED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    No. 10-2442
    JOHN W. TUTTLE,
    Plaintiff - Appellant,
    v.
    JOHN M. MCHUGH, Secretary, Department of the Army Agency,
    Defendant - Appellee.
    Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western
    District of Virginia, at Roanoke.     James C. Turk, Senior
    District Judge. (7:10-cv-00219-jct)
    Submitted:   November 15, 2011              Decided:   December 9, 2011
    Before NIEMEYER, KING, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges.
    Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
    John M. Loeschen, LOESCHEN LAW FIRM, Roanoke, Virginia, for
    Appellant.   Sara Bugbee Winn, Assistant United States Attorney,
    Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee.
    Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
    PER CURIAM:
    John W. Tuttle appeals the district court’s entry of
    summary    judgment     on    his    claim    that   the    Appellee     retaliated
    against him in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment
    Act   (the    “ADEA”),     
    29 U.S.C.A. §§ 621-34
        (West      2008   &   Supp.
    2010).     We affirm.
    Tuttle   first    takes    issue    with     the   district    court’s
    decision      to   construe    the   Appellee’s      motion      to   dismiss    as   a
    motion for summary judgment.             In this respect, the Federal Rules
    of    Civil    Procedure       provide    that,      if    matters     outside     the
    pleadings “are presented to and not excluded by the court” in
    conjunction with a motion under Rule 12(b)(6), “the motion must
    be treated as one for summary judgment under Rule 56.”                       Fed. R.
    Civ. P. 12(d).         Because the conversion of a motion to dismiss
    depends upon the district court’s decision whether to exclude
    from its consideration matters outside the pleadings, see Finley
    Lines Joint Protective Bd. v. Norfolk Southern Corp., 
    109 F.3d 993
    , 996-97 (4th Cir. 1997), the choice to construe a motion to
    dismiss as a motion for summary judgment is reviewed for abuse
    of discretion.         Laughlin v. Metro. Wash. Airports Auth., 
    149 F.3d 253
    , 261 (4th Cir. 1998).                See also Hamm v. Rhone-Poulenc
    Rorer Pharms., Inc., 
    187 F.3d 941
    , 948 (8th Cir. 1999).
    A district court need not give formal notice of its
    intent to treat a motion to dismiss as one made under Rule 56,
    2
    so long as the parties have sufficient notice that the motion
    could be so construed.                  Laughlin, 
    149 F.3d at 261
     (“A cursory
    glance    at      the     Federal      Rules     of     Civil    Procedure,      as    well    as
    Laughlin’s own filings, make clear that the motion before the
    court    could       be    treated     as    a    motion       for   summary    judgment.”).
    However, even if the parties have notice that the motion could
    be converted by the court, they are entitled to “a reasonable
    opportunity” to present material that is relevant to a converted
    motion       to     dismiss.         Fed.        R.   Civ.      P.   12(d);     Fayetteville
    Investors v. Commercial Builders, Inc., 
    936 F.2d 1462
    , 1471-72
    (4th    Cir.      1991).        Apposite         to   this      entitlement,     Rule       56(d)
    provides that
    [i]f a nonmovant shows by affidavit or declaration
    that, for specified reasons, it cannot present facts
    essential to justify its opposition, the court may:
    (1) defer considering the motion or deny it;
    (2) allow    time   to    obtain   affidavits  or
    declarations or to take discovery; or
    (3) issue any other appropriate order.
    Fed.    R.    Civ.       P.   56(d).        Where       a    party   possesses      sufficient
    notice that the motion to dismiss may be treated as a motion for
    summary judgment, its failure to file a motion under Fed. R.
    Civ.    P.    56(d)       suggests      that      its       opportunities     for     obtaining
    discovery         were    not   inadequate.             Laughlin,       
    149 F.3d at 261
    ;
    Nguyen v. CNA Corp., 
    44 F.3d 234
    , 242 (4th Cir. 1995).
    In    the      instant    case,        we     conclude    that    Tuttle       had
    abundant notice that the court could well construe the motion as
    3
    one    seeking     summary    judgment       rather       than     dismissal.         See
    Laughlin, 
    149 F.3d at 260-61
    ; Gay v. Wall, 
    761 F.2d 175
    , 177
    (4th Cir. 1985).          Nevertheless, Tuttle at no time objected to
    the Appellee’s attachment of exhibits to the motion.                              Nor did
    Tuttle file a Rule 56(d) motion.               Accordingly, we conclude that
    Tuttle had a reasonable opportunity to seek additional discovery
    but simply failed to avail himself of it.                        Nguyen, 
    44 F.3d at 242
    .    We therefore decline to hold that the district court erred
    in    construing    the   Appellee’s     motion      as    a     motion     for   summary
    judgment.
    Tuttle    next    contends       that,    even       if   the    Appellee’s
    motion was properly construed as a motion for summary judgment,
    the district court erred in entering summary judgment against
    him on his retaliation claim.                This court reviews a district
    court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, drawing reasonable
    inferences in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.
    United States v. Bergbauer, 
    602 F.3d 569
    , 574 (4th Cir.), cert.
    denied, 
    131 S. Ct. 297
     (2010).               Summary judgment may be granted
    only when “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact
    and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
    Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
    The relevant inquiry on summary judgment is “whether
    the    evidence    presents    a   sufficient         disagreement          to    require
    submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one
    4
    party must prevail as a matter of law.”                               Anderson v. Liberty
    Lobby,     Inc.,          
    477 U.S. 242
    ,       251-52     (1986).             An    otherwise
    “properly supported motion for summary judgment” will not be
    defeated       by    the     existence        of    merely     any    factual          dispute,   no
    matter how minor; rather, “[o]nly disputes over facts that might
    affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will
    properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.”                                      
    Id.
     at 247-
    48.      To    withstand         a    summary       judgment       motion,       the    non-moving
    party must produce competent evidence sufficient to reveal the
    existence of a genuine issue of material fact for trial.                                          See
    Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1); Thompson v. Potomac Elec. Power Co.,
    
    312 F.3d 645
    ,     649      (4th     Cir.       2002).          Neither       conclusory
    allegations,             speculative         scaffolding       of     one        inference     upon
    another, nor the production of a “mere scintilla of evidence” in
    support       of     a    nonmovant’s        case       suffices     to    forestall       summary
    judgment.           Id.; Beale v. Hardy, 
    769 F.2d 213
    , 214 (4th Cir.
    1985).        Instead, this court will uphold the district court’s
    grant of summary judgment unless it finds that a reasonable jury
    could return a verdict for the nonmoving party on the evidence
    presented.           See EEOC v. Cent. Wholesalers, Inc., 
    573 F.3d 167
    ,
    174-75 (4th Cir. 2009).
    To        establish       a      prima       facie         case     of     unlawful
    retaliation          under      the    ADEA,    a       plaintiff    is     required      to   show
    that:         (1)    he    engaged      in    protected       activity;          (2) an    adverse
    5
    employment action was taken against him by the defendant; and
    (3) there was a causal connection between the protected activity
    and the adverse action.             Laber v. Harvey, 
    438 F.3d 404
    , 432 (4th
    Cir. 2006) (en banc); Causey v. Balog, 
    162 F.3d 795
    , 803 (4th
    Cir.    1998).        Protected       activity     under     the   statute        includes
    making    a    charge       of   discrimination       to    the    Equal        Employment
    Opportunity Commission.             See 
    29 U.S.C.A. § 623
    (d); Laughlin, 
    149 F.3d at 259
    .         The plaintiff’s failure to establish a prima facie
    case of retaliation warrants the issuance of summary judgment in
    the    defendant’s      favor.        See    Henson    v.    Liggett      Group,     Inc.,
    
    61 F.3d 270
    , 274-75 (4th Cir. 1995).
    Once    the    plaintiff      has    established      his    prima     facie
    case,    the     burden      shifts    to    the    defendant      to     put    forth   a
    legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the action taken.                            See
    McDonnell      Douglas      Corp.   v.   Green,     
    411 U.S. 792
    ,    802     (1973);
    Lettieri v. Equant Inc., 
    478 F.3d 640
    , 651 (4th Cir. 2007).                              If
    the defendant makes this showing, the plaintiff must then show
    by a preponderance of the evidence that the proffered reason is
    only a pretext for retaliation.                  See Price v. Thompson, 
    380 F.3d 209
    , 212 (4th Cir. 2004).                The plaintiff’s burden to establish
    pretext merges with his ultimate burden of persuasion, which
    remains    with      the    plaintiff       throughout      the    McDonnell      Douglas
    framework.        Gross v. FBL Fin. Servs., Inc., 
    129 S. Ct. 2343
    ,
    2348 (2009); Lettieri, 
    478 F.3d at 646-47
    .
    6
    In     this      case,     Tuttle,          an     Information       Technology
    Specialist        employed      by    the     United      States     Army,     filed     an   age
    discrimination           complaint      with     the      EEOC      in    2008,    and      later
    applied for and was not selected as a Supervisory Information
    Technician Specialist (the “supervisory position”).                                Tuttle now
    contends that the Appellee retaliated against him on the basis
    of his first EEOC complaint by using only the Army’s automated
    recruitment system, RESUMIX, to fill the supervisory position
    instead of relying on other recruiting methods that would have
    been more favorable to Tuttle.
    Although         Tuttle       asserts       that      the   record       contains
    sufficient evidence to generate a genuine issue of material fact
    on his retaliation claim, our review of the record convinces us
    otherwise.         Certainly, the record reflects that RESUMIX need not
    be   used     in    every      instance.            But   the       record    also     contains
    evidence      —     entirely         uncontroverted            by    Tuttle    —     that     the
    alternative recruitment methods identified by Tuttle could not
    have   been       used    to   fill     the    supervisory          position      that   Tuttle
    desired.      Moreover, the record is absolutely bereft of evidence
    tending to show that RESUMIX was used in this instance for the
    purpose of eliminating Tuttle from contention.
    In sum, Tuttle has propounded no evidence suggesting
    either that non-RESUMIX recruitment methods were available to
    fill the supervisory position or that the Appellee’s use of the
    7
    concededly-age-neutral        RESUMIX    system    was     somehow        linked   to
    antagonism stemming from his first EEOC complaint.                    Price, 
    380 F.3d at 212
    .     Accordingly,     we    affirm   the   judgment        of    the
    district     court.     We   dispense    with   oral     argument    because       the
    facts   and    legal   contentions      are   adequately     presented       in    the
    material      before   the   court    and     argument     will     not    aid     the
    decisional process.
    AFFIRMED
    8
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 10-2442

Citation Numbers: 457 F. App'x 234

Judges: Niemeyer, King, Shedd

Filed Date: 12/9/2011

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 11/5/2024

Authorities (17)

United States v. Bergbauer , 602 F. Supp. 3d 569 ( 2010 )

No. 98-1063 , 187 F.3d 941 ( 1999 )

Hung P. Nguyen v. Cna Corporation , 44 F.3d 234 ( 1995 )

Shirley S. Henson v. Liggett Group, Incorporated, D/B/A ... , 61 F.3d 270 ( 1995 )

McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green , 93 S. Ct. 1817 ( 1973 )

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 106 S. Ct. 2505 ( 1986 )

Karen Laughlin v. Metropolitan Washington Airports ... , 149 F.3d 253 ( 1998 )

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Central ... , 573 F.3d 167 ( 2009 )

finley-lines-joint-protective-board-unit-200-brotherhood-railway-carmen-a , 109 F.3d 993 ( 1997 )

William Price v. Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary, United ... , 380 F.3d 209 ( 2004 )

Fayetteville Investors v. Commercial Builders, Incorporated ... , 936 F.2d 1462 ( 1991 )

Stan Laber v. Francis J. Harvey, Secretary of the Army , 438 F.3d 404 ( 2006 )

larry-nathan-gay-v-charles-wall-chief-of-police-virginia-beach-police , 761 F.2d 175 ( 1985 )

Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. , 129 S. Ct. 2343 ( 2009 )

Lorraine Lettieri v. Equant Incorporated , 478 F.3d 640 ( 2007 )

George F. Thompson v. Potomac Electric Power Company , 312 F.3d 645 ( 2002 )

james-causey-v-george-balog-individually-and-as-current-director-of , 162 F.3d 795 ( 1998 )

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