United States v. Pleasants ( 1997 )

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 96-4795
FLEMING MACON PLEASANTS,
Defendant-Appellant.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 96-4796
JOHNNY MACON PLEASANTS,
Defendant-Appellant.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 96-4818
DOUGLAS W. PLEASANTS,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
James C. Fox, Chief District Judge.
(CR-96-21-F)
Submitted: October 31, 1997
Decided: December 8, 1997
Before MURNAGHAN and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges, and
PHILLIPS, Senior Circuit Judge.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
Wade M. Smith, Melissa H. Hill, THARRINGTON SMITH, Raleigh,
North Carolina; Joel Hirschhhorn, Brian H. Bieber, JOEL HIRSCH-
HORN, P.A., Coral Gables, Florida, for Appellants. Janice McKenzie
Cole, United States Attorney, Anne M. Hayes, Assistant United States
Attorney, Christine Witcover Dean, Assistant United States Attorney,
Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee United States; William W.
Plyler, MCMILLAN, SMITH & PLYLER, Raleigh, North Carolina,
for Appellee Douglas Pleasants.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
In these consolidated appeals, Appellant Fleming Pleasants
("Fleming") appeals his sentence to life imprisonment, imposed after
a jury convicted him of one count each of conspiracy to possess with
intent to distribute cocaine and marijuana and criminal forfeiture.
Fleming challenges whether the indictment against him should have
been dismissed because it constituted a breach of a prior plea agree-
ment, whether the district court erred by denying his motion for a new
trial, whether the district court erroneously calculated the amount of
drugs attributable to him, and whether the district court erred by
enhancing his base offense level under the Sentencing Guidelines1 for
obstruction of justice. Appellant Johnny Pleasants ("Johnny") appeals
his 396-month sentence imposed after he pled guilty to one count
each of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise and criminal for-
_________________________________________________________________
1 U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 3C1.1 (1995).
2
feiture. Johnny challenges whether the district court erred by denying
his motion for a downward departure based on poor family upbring-
ing, whether the district court erred by enhancing his base offense
level for obstruction of justice, and whether the district court's calcu-
lation of his criminal history points amounted to impermissible "triple
counting." Finally, the Government appeals the district court's order
granting Co-Defendant Douglas Pleasants's ("Douglas") motion for a
new trial. Finding no reversible error in any of the cases, we affirm.
Fleming and Douglas Pleasants are brothers, and Johnny is Flem-
ing's son. For approximately fifteen years, the three men operated a
major drug ring in North Carolina.2 The record discloses that Fleming
was the leader of the conspiracy, Johnny handled the daily operations,
and Douglas acted primarily as a courier. Johnny pled guilty prior to
trial (without a plea agreement), and Fleming and Douglas proceeded
to trial and were tried and convicted together.
Fleming asserted at trial that the indictment against him must be
dismissed because it violated the terms of a prior plea agreement. In
1986, Fleming, Johnny, and Douglas were indicted on several drug
and obstruction charges. The offenses in question centered on the
storage of over 800 pounds of marijuana in a co-conspirator's shed
and Appellants' efforts to obstruct the resulting investigation. The
indictment covered the period from September 1984 through January
1986. Pursuant to the terms of a plea agreement, Fleming pled guilty
to one count of obstructing a criminal investigation. In the plea agree-
ment, the Government agreed that "[n]o new charges arising from
information known to the Government by the date of this agreement
[April 21, 1986] will be sought by the Government." Fleming asserts
in the present case that the Government breached this portion of the
plea agreement when it indicted him for a conspiracy which allegedly
operated from 1981-96.
We find Fleming's assertion meritless. The 1986 indictment dealt
with two discreet events: the storage of marijuana in a shed and the
attempt to impede the ensuing criminal investigation. The 1996
indictment covered a much broader conspiracy, and it did not allege
_________________________________________________________________
2 The district court attributed approximately 209 kilograms of cocaine
and 705 kilograms of marijuana to the conspiracy.
3
any facts associated with the 1986 indictment. In addition, the Gov-
ernment presented evidence that it did not learn the full scope of the
conspiracy until agents interviewed several witnesses in 1991. There-
fore, we find that the 1996 indictment was based on information the
Government obtained in 1991 and not on information it had as of
April 1986. Since we find that there was no breach of the prior plea
agreement, we decline to address the Government's claim that Flem-
ing waived this issue at trial when he agreed to the district court's
order that the Government could only present evidence of post-1986
conduct.
Fleming's motion for a new trial was based on the alleged perjured
testimony of Government witness James Clayton Bell. Bell testified
that he and his drug partner from Florida made numerous trips into
South Carolina in the early 1980's to sell drugs. Bell stated that he
and his partner sold drugs to Douglas on at least five occasions. Bell
further testified that on at least one occasion, he observed another per-
son in the car with Douglas, but he could not identify the person.3 At
no time did Bell offer any direct testimony against Fleming, nor did
Fleming's counsel cross-examine Bell.
Shortly after trial, another Government witness ("Dorsey") wrote a
letter to the prosecutor asserting that Bell gave false testimony
because he never met Douglas. Dorsey claimed that Bell "purchased"
his testimony from another inmate in the hope that he (Bell) would
receive a more lenient sentence. Both Douglas and Fleming filed
motions for a new trial. The district court granted Douglas' motion
but denied Fleming's. Bell continues to assert that his testimony was
truthful.
To receive a new trial based on newly discovered evidence, Flem-
ing must show that: (1) the evidence was in fact newly discovered;
(2) despite his due diligence, he was unable to discover the evidence
prior to trial; (3) the evidence was not merely cumulative or impeach-
ing; (4) the evidence was material; and (5) the evidence was of such
_________________________________________________________________
3 Fleming asserts that since he was the only other person on trial, the
jury could not help but infer that he was the other person in the car with
Douglas. We reject this assertion as speculative and unsupported by the
evidence.
4
a quality that he would probably be acquitted at a new trial. United
States v. Singh, 54 F.3d 1182, 1190 (4th Cir. 1995). This court
reviews the district court's decision not to grant a new trial for an
abuse of discretion, and we find no such abuse here. Id. Since Bell
did not testify against Fleming, and several other witnesses did, we
find that Fleming failed to satisfy his burden of proving that a new
trial would probably result in an acquittal.
Fleming asserts that the district court erred in using the above test
and that it should have applied the more lenient test used to analyze
cases where the witness recants his testimony. See United States v.
Wallace, 528 F.2d 863, 866 (4th Cir. 1976). We reject this assertion
for the simple reason that Bell never recanted his testimony. Fleming
urges us to adopt the First Circuit's holding in United States v.
Carbone, 880 F.2d 1500, 1502 (1st Cir. 1989) (suggesting that the test
applies "in cases in which the new evidence demonstrates that the tes-
timony in question was deliberately false"). We decline to do so in
this case because it was never conclusively established that Bell's tes-
timony was in fact false.
Fleming challenges the amount of drugs attributed to him on four
grounds. First, he asserts that the district court failed to make a spe-
cific finding on his objection to the quantity of drugs attributed to
him. Second, he claims that the court relied on information it consid-
ered unreliable as to Johnny and Douglas. Third, he contends that the
court relied on prior unsworn statements which conflict with wit-
nesses' trial testimony. Finally, Fleming states that the court relied on
transactions not linked to him. For the reasons that follow, we find
these allegations meritless.
The presentence report ("PSR") held Fleming accountable for
slightly over 209 kilograms of cocaine. Fleming objected to this
amount, claiming he should only be held liable for approximately 46
kilograms of cocaine. However, Fleming failed to provide evidence
supporting this figure. We reject Fleming's assertion that the district
court failed to rule on his quantity objections. The PSR contained a
very detailed chart showing quantities of drugs attributable to Flem-
ing and their sources. Fleming bore the burden of showing that these
amounts were inaccurate, and his conclusory allegations failed to sat-
isfy this burden. See United States v. Terry, 916 F.2d 157, 162 (4th
5
Cir. 1990) (mere objections alone are insufficient). We find that the
district court implicitly rejected Fleming's objections when it
accepted the drug amounts contained in the PSR less the pre-1986
amounts and sentenced Fleming accordingly.
Fleming asserts that the district court erred in its calculation of the
amount of drugs attributable to him because it relied on amounts
allegedly found unreliable as to Douglas and Johnny. We find this
assertion factually incorrect. The amount Fleming claims was found
unreliable in Douglas' case centers around Bell's allegedly false testi-
mony. However, the court subtracted the amount concerning Bell
from the 209 kilograms because the transactions occurred prior to
1986. Therefore, Fleming was never held liable for the amount of
drugs attributable to Bell, and we find his objection to this amount
meritless.
Johnny took three polygraph examinations in which he denied hav-
ing any direct dealings with Bell and two other witnesses. The district
court accepted Johnny's proffer that his answers on the examinations
were true and subtracted the amounts attributable to these witnesses
from the amount attributable to Johnny. Contrary to Fleming's asser-
tions, the court never made any findings concerning the reliability of
these witnesses or ever reached any conclusion that the amounts attri-
buted to them were not properly attributable to the conspiracy as a
whole. Accordingly, we find that Fleming failed to satisfy his burden
of showing that the amounts attributed to these witnesses in the PSR,
with the exception of pre-1986 amounts, was inaccurate.
Finally, we reject Fleming's claims that the court relied on prior
unsworn statements which conflicted with witnesses' trial testimony
and on transactions not linked to him. While some of the drug
amounts in the PSR are based on out-of-court interviews with the wit-
nesses, the probation officer is authorized to rely on these interviews.
Moreover, while some of the transactions were not mentioned during
the witnesses' trial testimony we do not find that this creates a con-
flict in the evidence. The record suggests this was simply a function
of the questions asked by counsel.
We also conclude that the district court properly increased Flem-
ing's base offense level for obstruction of justice pursuant to USSG
6
§ 3C1.1 based on threats he made to two DEA special agents follow-
ing his detention hearing. Taken in context, we find that the state-
ments in question were clearly threatening. Both agents were
witnesses against Fleming. More importantly, Fleming's nephew,
David Pleasants, who was also a member of the conspiracy, recently
attempted to hire someone to murder one of the agents in a manner
consistent with Fleming's threats.
Johnny moved for a downward departure on two main grounds: (1)
that he provided substantial assistance; and (2) that he was dominated
by his father and raised in an immoral environment. The district court
initially stated that it believed only the Government could make such
a motion. However, defense counsel immediately explained that the
motion was filed pursuant to USSG § 5K2.0, which cleared up the
misunderstanding, and the court heard argument on the motion. We
find that the district court's decision to hear argument shows that it
recognized its authority to depart under USSG § 5K2.0, but that it
declined to do so. As a result, the court's decision not to depart is not
reviewable.4
The district court enhanced Johnny's base offense level by two
levels pursuant to USSG § 3C1.1 for threats he made to a Govern-
ment witness. Johnny contends that the district court erred in applying
this enhancement because it relied on hearsay testimony in deciding
that he threatened the witness. This issue was resolved against Johnny
in United States v. Puckett, 61 F.3d 1092, 1095 (4th Cir. 1995).
Johnny also challenges the district court's assessment of six crimi-
nal history points for the same prior conviction. Johnny pled guilty to
tampering with a witness in 1986 and was sentenced to six years'
imprisonment. He was paroled in 1988 and released from parole in
1992. Pursuant to USSG § 4A1.1(a), the district court assessed three
criminal history points for the 1986 conviction. The court also
assessed two criminal history points pursuant to USSG § 4A1.1(d)
and one criminal history point pursuant to USSG§ 4A1.1(e). Johnny
concedes that the district court properly applied the Guidelines as
written. However, he asserts that assessing six criminal history points
for the same conviction amounts to impermissible"triple counting."
_________________________________________________________________
4 See United States v. Bayerle, 898 F.2d 28, 30-31 (4th Cir. 1990).
7
This court resolved this issue against Johnny in United States v.
Crawford, 18 F.3d 1173, 1179-80 (4th Cir. 1994), and we reject John-
ny's attempts to distinguish Crawford from the case at bar.
Finally, we affirm the district court's order granting Douglas's
motion for a new trial. We find that the district court did not abuse
its discretion in finding that this case qualifies as one of the rare
exceptions in which justice requires the grant of a new trial based on
newly discovered impeachment evidence.5
Accordingly, we affirm Fleming's and Johnny's convictions and
sentences and the district court's order granting Douglas' motion for
a new trial. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
legal contentions are adequately presented in the material before the
court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
_________________________________________________________________
5 See United States v. Custis, 988 F.2d 1355, 1359 (4th Cir. 1993).
8