United States v. Rea ( 1997 )


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  • UNPUBLISHED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff-Appellee,
    v.                                                                     No. 96-4962
    WILLIAM STEVE REA,
    Defendant-Appellant.
    Appeal from the United States District Court for the
    Western District of Virginia, at Lynchburg.
    Samuel G. Wilson, Chief District Judge.
    (CR-96-21-L)
    Submitted: December 9, 1997
    Decided: December 24, 1997
    Before WIDENER, HALL, and HAMILTON,
    Circuit Judges.
    _________________________________________________________________
    Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
    _________________________________________________________________
    COUNSEL
    Philip B. Baker, JOSEPH A. SANZONE ASSOCIATES, P.C.,
    Lynchburg, Virginia, for Appellant. Robert P. Crouch, Jr., United
    States Attorney, Thomas L. Eckert, Assistant United States Attorney,
    Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee.
    _________________________________________________________________
    Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
    Local Rule 36(c).
    _________________________________________________________________
    OPINION
    PER CURIAM:
    William Steve Rea appeals his convictions on two counts of pos-
    session of stolen mail, 
    18 U.S.C.A. § 1708
     (West Supp. 1997). On
    appeal, Rea contests two of the district court's evidentiary rulings. We
    affirm.
    I
    Rea was a postal carrier who stole a number of credit cards and
    automated teller machine (ATM) cards that the issuers of those cards
    recently had placed in the mail. Rea and his girlfriend, Leola Helton
    Murphree, used the cards to buy merchandise or to obtain cash, then
    discarded the cards. Among the cards stolen were those issued to L.
    Thomas Barber and Donna Crouch. Rea used the Barber card to pur-
    chase goods and the Crouch ATM card to obtain $100 in cash.
    II
    The Crouch incident came to light when she complained to her
    bank that her bank statement reflected an ATM withdrawal that she
    had not made. In fact, Crouch never had received the ATM card,
    which had been mailed to the bank branch that she patronized. A vid-
    eotape of the transaction was located, and still photographs were
    made from the videotape. The videotape subsequently was lost. At
    trial, the photographs were introduced into evidence over Rea's objec-
    tions. A postal employee identified Rea as the person making the
    withdrawal.
    Rea contends that the district court erred when it admitted the pho-
    tographs. He asserts that his defense was prejudiced because the jury
    should have seen the entire tape, instead of only twelve photographs
    selected by the prosecution. We review the district court's evidentiary
    2
    rulings for an abuse of discretion. See United States v. Moore, 
    27 F.3d 969
    , 974 (4th Cir. 1994). A still photographic image made from a vid-
    eotape is a duplicate within the meaning of Fed. R. Evid. 1001(4). See
    United States v. Perry, 
    925 F.2d 1077
    , 1082 (8th Cir. 1991). As such,
    still photographs are admissible unless there is a genuine question as
    to the authenticity of the original or it would be unfair under the cir-
    cumstances to admit the photographs instead of the original. Fed. R.
    Evid. 1003. Authenticity of the original videotape is not at issue in
    this case. And we discern no unfairness in admitting the photographs.
    Had the entire videotape been introduced, the prosecution would have
    focused on those portions tending to prove that Rea was the person
    using the Crouch card. This is precisely what the prosecution accom-
    plished by using the still photographs.
    Additionally, even if still photographs are not duplicates of the vid-
    eotape, they constitute "other evidence" of its contents. Because there
    is no suggestion that the videotape was lost or destroyed in bad faith,
    the still photographs were admissible. See Fed. R. Evid. 1004(1).
    III
    Rea also contends that the district court incorrectly ruled that the
    defense could not introduce into evidence a letter written by Milo
    Helton, Murphree's former husband, to Rea's mother. In the letter,
    Helton allegedly threatened to expose Rea's wrongdoing unless Rea
    paid Helton for his silence. Murphree was a key prosecution witness,
    and defense counsel hoped to introduce the letter in an attempt to
    show her complicity in Helton's scheme.
    The district court refused to permit the introduction of the letter,
    but allowed defense counsel to inquire of Murphree whether she knew
    about the letter and to ask her questions relating to any prejudice or
    bias. The district court's ruling was not an abuse of discretion. There
    was no evidence tying Murphree to the letter or to Helton's demand
    for money. The letter was irrelevant and inadmissible, as the district
    court found.
    IV
    We accordingly affirm the convictions. We dispense with oral
    argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately set
    3
    forth in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the
    decisional process.
    AFFIRMED
    4
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 96-4962

Filed Date: 12/24/1997

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 10/30/2014