Federal Election v. Christian Action ( 1996 )

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CHRISTIAN ACTION NETWORK,
INCORPORATED; MARTIN MAWYER,
No. 95-2600
Defendants-Appellees.
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE;
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF
VIRGINIA,
Amici Curiae.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Virginia, at Lynchburg.
James C. Turk, District Judge.
(CA-94-82-L)
Argued: May 10, 1996
Decided: August 2, 1996
Before RUSSELL and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges, and CHAPMAN,
Senior Circuit Judge.
_________________________________________________________________
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
ARGUED: David Brett Kolker, FEDERAL ELECTION COMMIS-
SION, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. David William T. Carroll, II,
Columbus, Ohio, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Lawrence M. Noble,
General Counsel, Richard B. Bader, Associate General Counsel,
FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION, Washington, D.C., for
Appellant. Frank M. Northam, WEBSTER, CHAMBERLAIN &
BEAN, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. Stephen B. Pershing, Legal
Director, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION
OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Amicus Curiae ACLU.
Joseph E. Sandler, General Counsel, DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL
COMMITTEE, Washington, D.C.; Donald B. Verrilli, Paul M. Smith,
Washington, D.C.; Daniel H. Bromberg, Washington, D.C., for
Amicus Curiae Committee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Appellant Federal Election Commission brought this civil enforce-
ment action against Appellees Christian Action Network, Inc., and its
president and chief executive officer, Martin Mawyer, (collectively,
"CAN"), alleging violations of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971, as amended, 2 U.S.C. § 431 et seq ., after Appellees sponsored
newspaper and television advertisements shortly before the 1992 pres-
idential election depicting then-Governor Clinton's stance on homo-
sexual issues. The television advertisement begins with a picture of
President Clinton before an American flag; the picture fades to a neg-
ative image of the President, and then the camera cuts away to a series
of four scenes of marchers in a "gay pride" parade carrying placards
with a variety of slogans supporting homosexual rights as the
announcer states:
Bill Clinton's vision for a better America includes: job quo-
tas for homosexuals; giving homosexuals special civil
rights; allowing homosexuals in the armed forces. Al Gore
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supports homosexual couples adopting children and becom-
ing foster parents. Is this your vision for a better America?
For more information on traditional family values, contact
the Christian Action Network.
The newspaper advertisements convey a similar message, and cite the
sources for the positions attributed to candidates Clinton and Gore in
the television advertisement.
The Federal Election Campaign Act makes it "unlawful . . . for any
corporation whatsoever . . . to make a contribution or expenditure in
connection with any election" for federal office, 2 U.S.C. § 441b(a),
although a corporation is permitted to establish a political action com-
mittee and to make such expenditures through that committee, subject
to various reporting requirements, see 42 U.S.C. § 434(c). In order to
prevent the statute from impermissibly infringing on First Amend-
ment rights, however, the Supreme Court held in FEC v.
Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc., 479 U.S. 238 (1986), that the
only expenditures subject to the statutory prohibition are those that
"expressly advocate" the election or defeat of a clearly identified fed-
eral candidate, id. at 249 (citing Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 80
(1976)), by the use of such words as "vote for," "elect," "support,"
"cast your ballot for," "Smith for Congress," "vote against," "defeat,"
and "reject," Buckley, 424 U.S. at 44 n.52. The express advocacy
requirement was subsequently codified at 2 U.S.C.§ 431(17), where
"independent expenditures" are defined as"expenditure[s] by a person
expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified can-
didate . . . ." (emphasis added).
Because the advertisements at issue here did not expressly advo-
cate the election or defeat of Clinton, Gore, or any other candidate,
the district court granted CAN's motion to dismiss.
We have read the briefs, heard oral argument, and given full con-
sideration to the parties' contentions. Finding no error in the thorough
opinion of the court below, Federal Election Commission v. Christian
Action Network, 894 F. Supp. 946 (W.D. Va. 1995), and believing
that it would be inappropriate for us, as a court, to even inquire
whether the identification of a candidate as pro homosexual consti-
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tutes advocacy for, or against, that candidate, we affirm on the reason-
ing of the district court.
AFFIRMED
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