United States v. Swann ( 1998 )

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 97-4542
ANTHONY LEWIS SWANN,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Alexandria.
Claude M. Hilton, Chief District Judge.
(CR-97-17)
Submitted: June 9, 1998
Decided: June 26, 1998
Before HAMILTON and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and
HALL, Senior Circuit Judge.
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Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
Alan H. Yamamoto, Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellant. Helen F.
Fahey, United States Attorney, David Frohlich, Special Assistant
United States Attorney, Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellee.
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Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Anthony Lewis Swann pled guilty to possession of marijuana with
intent to distribute, see 21 U.S.C.A. § 841 (West 1981 & Supp. 1998),
after he was caught trying to smuggle 4.9 grams of marijuana into
Lorton Reformatory in northern Virginia. Swann had two prior felony
drug convictions and qualified as a career offender. See U.S. Sentenc-
ing Guidelines Manual § 4B1.1 (1995). Swann's guideline range was
37-46 months. He received a sentence of thirty-seven months impris-
onment. Swann asserts on appeal that the district court should have
sentenced him to no more than 36 months under 21 U.S.C.A. § 844(West Supp. 1998) (Simple Possession) because his offense involved
the distribution of a small amount of marijuana for no remuneration.
See 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(b)(4). We affirm.
Swann claimed that he intended to give the marijuana to his cousin,
an inmate at Lorton. Under § 841(b)(1)(D), a person convicted of an
offense involving less than fifty kilograms of marijuana is subject to
a sentence of no more than five years imprisonment, except as pro-
vided in paragraphs (4) and (5) of the same subsection. Para-
graph (4) provides that any person who violates§ 841(a) "by
distributing a small amount of marijuana for no remuneration shall be
treated as provided in section 844 of this title and section 3607 of
Title 18." 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(b)(4). Section 844 provides for a maxi-
mum term of thirty-six months when the defendant has two prior drug
convictions. Swann argued at sentencing that his offense involved dis-
tribution of a small amount of marijuana and, therefore, he should be
sentenced to no more than thirty-six months imprisonment. However,
the district court decided that 4.9 grams of marijuana was not a small
amount in a prison setting. Swann appeals, alleging that 4.9 grams of
marijuana is a small amount, even in a prison, and that, consequently,
the statutory maximum sentence was thirty-six months.*
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*Because he had two prior drug convictions, Swan is ineligible for
treatment under 18 U.S.C. § 3607 (1994), which allows district courts to
impose pre-judgment probation on first-time drug offenders, and for
treatment under the portions of § 844 which provide a maximum one-
year term of imprisonment for first-time drug offenders and a maximum
two-year term of imprisonment for drug offenders with one prior drug
conviction.
2
Neither § 841(b)(4) nor the legislative history of the Controlled
Substance Act gives any definition of "small amount." Thus, "Con-
gress left ``small amount' open for the courts to decide, indicating [by
its failure to specify a particular weight] that the determination should
not be based purely on weight." United States v. Damerville, 27 F.3d
254, 259 (7th Cir. 1994). We review the district court's factual deter-
mination under the clearly erroneous standard. See United States v.
McDonald, 61 F.3d 248, 255 (4th Cir. 1995). Here, we cannot say that
the district court clearly erred.
The sentence is therefore affirmed. We dispense with oral argu-
ment because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented
in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the deci-
sional process.
AFFIRMED
3