United States v. Currency, U.S., $864,400.00 , 405 F. App'x 717 ( 2010 )


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  •                                 UNPUBLISHED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    No. 09-1935
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff – Appellee,
    STEVEN TAN,
    Claimant – Appellant,
    and
    XINGYUN CHIANG,
    Claimant,
    v.
    CURRENCY, U.S., $864,400.00; CURRENCY, U.S., $7000.00,
    Defendants.
    Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle
    District of North Carolina, at Greensboro.   N. Carlton Tilley,
    Jr., Senior District Judge. (1:05-cv-00919-NCT-WWD)
    Submitted:    November 15, 2010               Decided:   December 16, 2010
    Before NIEMEYER, AGEE, and DAVIS, Circuit Judges.
    Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
    Gary S. Harrison, HARRISON & RODRIGUEZ, A.P.L.C., San Gabriel,
    California, for Appellant.  Anna Mills Wagoner, United States
    Attorney, Lynne P. Klauer, Assistant United     States   Attorney,
    Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellee.
    Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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    PER CURIAM:
    Steven   Tan      appeals     the    district        court’s      grant    of
    summary judgment          in   favor    of   the    Government       in    a    forfeiture
    proceeding,       and     judgment      of   forfeiture        of    $864,400.00          and
    $7,000.00 in U.S. currency.             Finding no error, we affirm.
    We review de novo a district court’s order granting
    summary judgment.          Providence Square Assocs., L.L.C. v. G.D.F.,
    Inc.,    
    211 F.3d 846
    ,     850   (4th Cir. 2000).              Summary         judgment
    should    be     granted       “if     the   pleadings,        the        discovery      and
    disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there
    is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant
    is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”                          Fed. R. Civ. P.
    56(c).         “[T]here     is    no    issue      for     trial    unless       there    is
    sufficient evidence favoring the nonmoving party for a jury to
    return a verdict for that party.                     If the evidence is merely
    colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment”
    is proper.       Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 
    477 U.S. 242
    , 249-
    50 (1986) (citations omitted).
    Civil forfeiture standards are set forth in the Civil
    Asset    Forfeiture       Reform       Act   of     2000     (“CAFRA”),         
    18 U.S.C. § 983
    (c)(1) (2006).              The statute provides that the Government
    must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the
    property sought is subject to forfeiture.                           
    Id.
            Currency is
    subject to forfeiture if it was furnished or intended to be
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    furnished by any person in exchange for controlled substances,
    if it is traceable to such an exchange, or if it was used to, or
    intended    to    be        used    to,       facilitate   any    violation       of    the
    Controlled Substances Act.                
    21 U.S.C. § 881
    (a)(6) (2006).                Once
    the   government        meets      its    burden,    the    burden     shifts     to    the
    claimant to show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that he is
    an    “innocent       owner”       of   the    defendant    property.        
    18 U.S.C. § 983
    (c), (d)(1).
    In    a    forfeiture         proceeding,      we   review     the   district
    court’s factual findings for clear error and apply a de novo
    standard of review to the consideration of whether or not the
    facts    render       the    defendant         property    subject    to    forfeiture.
    United States v. $84,615 in U.S. Currency, 
    379 F.3d 496
    , 501
    (8th Cir. 2004).            This standard is met if the evidence shows the
    existence of a fact is more probable than its non-existence.
    Concrete Pipe & Prods. of Cal., Inc. v. Constr. Laborers Pension
    Trust for S. Cal., 
    508 U.S. 602
    , 622 (1993).                             Further, this
    court looks to the totality of the circumstances to determine
    whether the Government has met its burden.                           United States v.
    Thomas, 
    913 F.2d 1111
    , 1115 (4th Cir. 1990).
    Here, the Government seized the currency from Tan at a
    traffic stop.         We have reviewed the record, and we conclude that
    the Government presented sufficient evidence to carry its burden
    and show that the currency was more likely than not proceeds
    4
    from a drug transaction.                   Specifically, the Government showed
    that     the    defendant       currency          was     bundled      in    newspaper      and
    concealed in the door of Tan’s rental vehicle.                                 Two separate
    narcotics detection canines alerted to the presence of narcotic
    odor in areas of the car that did not contain currency, and when
    questioned       by    law    enforcement         Tan     was    nervous,      attempted     to
    conceal    the       presence       of    the    currency,       and   gave     inconsistent
    statements.
    With     respect      to     the       $7,000     Tan   possessed      on    his
    person, we agree with the district court that because the money
    was similarly bundled, and because Tan also possessed $1,000 in
    non-bundled currency (that was returned to him), that currency
    is similarly likely related to a drug transaction.
    Tan    argues      that      he    has     rebutted       the    Government’s
    claims     and       presented       sufficient          evidence      of      his   innocent
    intentions to create a dispute over a material fact and defeat
    summary    judgment.           We    do    not        agree.     After      reviewing      Tan’s
    claims, we conclude (as did the district court) that they are
    incredible, and lack any basis in evidence, other than Tan’s own
    self-serving declarations.                  In short, his claims do not give
    rise to a dispute over a material fact.                            See United States v.
    Two Parcels of Real Property Located in Russell County, 
    92 F.3d 1123
    , 1129 (11th Cir. 1996) (“[t]he mere allegation of a highly
    unlikely       source    of    income       without       some    support      to    give    the
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    allegation credibility cannot constitute an issue of material
    fact defeating summary judgment for forfeiture.”).
    Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district
    court.     We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
    legal    contentions   are   adequately   presented    in   the    materials
    before   the   court   and   argument   would   not   aid   the   decisional
    process.
    AFFIRMED
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