O'Keefe v. Noble Drilling Corp. , 347 F. App'x 27 ( 2009 )


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  •            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
    Fifth Circuit
    FILED
    September 15, 2009
    No. 08-41305                      Charles R. Fulbruge III
    Summary Calendar                            Clerk
    RENATA LUISA SILVA PISCETTA O’KEEFE; ISABELLA PISCETTA
    O’KEEFE; BARRY O’KEEFE; JANICE O’KEEFE,
    Plaintiffs–Appellants,
    v.
    NOBLE DRILLING CORPORATION, doing business as Noble Drilling
    Services Inc.; NOBLE DRILLING U.S. INC.; NOBLE DRILLING
    INTERNATIONAL INC.; NOBLE DRILLING EXPLORATION COMPANY;
    NOBLE DO BRASIL LTD.; NOBLE DRILLING (PAUL WOLFF) LTD.;
    NOBLE DRILLING SERVICES INC.; NOBLE INTERNATIONAL, LTD.,
    Defendants–Third Party Plaintiffs–Appellees,
    SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED,
    Third Party Defendants–Appellees.
    Appeal from the United States District Court
    for the Southern District of Texas
    USDC No. 3:05-CV-688
    Before GARZA, CLEMENT, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
    PER CURIAM:*
    *
    Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
    be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
    No. 08-41305
    The O’Keefes, the family of an Australian national who died while working
    as a directional driller off the coast of Brazil, appeal from a district court order
    dismissing their wrongful death action for forum non conveniens. The O’Keefes
    argue that the district court erred by (1) failing to defer to a previous denial of
    a motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens issued by another district court
    judge in the case; (2) granting the motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens;
    and (3) failing to include sufficient conditions in its order dismissing the case.
    For the reasons discussed below, we affirm the district court’s order dismissing
    the case.
    I
    Peter John O’Keefe, an Australian national and resident of Brazil, died
    while working as a directional driller off the coast of Brazil after allegedly
    receiving inadequate medical care aboard the Noble Paul Wolff. The Noble Paul
    Wolff is a semisubmersible drilling rig owned and operated by Paul Wolff, a
    subsidiary of the Noble Corporation, and Noble and several of its affiliated
    Brazilian corporations are defendants in this case. Noble has brought third-
    party claims against Schlumberger Limited, the parent company of O’Keefe’s
    employer, Schlumberger Servicos de Petroleo Ltda., a Brazilian company.
    O’Keefe went to the infirmary aboard the rig with complaints of a sore
    throat and was treated by Dr. Carla Bastos, a Brazilian doctor employed by
    Noble. He received medical treatment and returned to his quarters. Later that
    evening, he returned to the infirmary unable to breathe, and he went into
    cardiac arrest and passed away.
    The surviving members of O’Keefe’s family filed suit against Noble,
    alleging that O’Keefe’s death was caused by inadequate emergency care. The
    case was first assigned to Judge Samuel B. Kent. Judge Kent denied Noble’s
    R. 47.5.4.
    2
    No. 08-41305
    motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens, finding that the O’Keefes’ choice of
    forum should not be upset because both parties had presented equally credible
    expert testimony, and therefore the movants had not carried their burden of
    proving the existence of an available forum. Noble proceeded with its defense
    and filed a third-party complaint against Schlumberger based on its alleged role
    in O’Keefe’s death.1 Thereafter, this case was transferred from Judge Kent’s
    docket to Judge Melinda Harmon’s docket.
    The parties experienced many difficulties in procuring and providing
    discovery located in Brazil. Noble has commenced proceedings in Brazil to
    obtain documents and the issuance of compulsory process on witnesses to secure
    their deposition testimony, but the Brazilian tribunal has not yet ruled as to
    whether it will grant Noble’s request. Noble also requested documents from the
    O’Keefes through written discovery pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil
    Procedure. After waiting for almost two years, Noble filed a motion to compel.
    The magistrate judge recommended that the district court grant the motion to
    compel and also suggested that if discovery was not forthcoming, the district
    court should reconsider the motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens.
    Schlumberger then filed a motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens and
    to reconsider the denial of Noble’s motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens.
    Judge Harmon granted the motion to dismiss, and in doing so, Judge Harmon
    recognized that Judge Kent had previously denied Noble’s motion to dismiss for
    forum non conveniens and that Schlumberger’s current motion was very similar
    to Noble’s previous motion. Judge Harmon concluded,
    [G]iven the events in this lawsuit since it was
    transferred to this court as well as information that was
    either not presented to, not considered by, or otherwise
    not available to the predecessor court, it is the opinion
    1
    Noble’s third-party complaint included other corporations affiliated with
    Schlumberger; however, only Schlumberger Limited is involved in this appeal.
    3
    No. 08-41305
    of this court that the case should now be dismissed in
    favor of a more appropriate forum.
    The O’Keefes appeal from this order.
    II
    The O’Keefes first argue that Judge Harmon erred in granting the motion
    to dismiss for forum non conveniens in light of Judge Kent’s previous denial of
    Noble’s motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens, and that Judge Harmon
    should have reviewed Judge Kent’s previous denial for an abuse of discretion.
    We review a district court’s decision to reconsider a prior judge’s interlocutory
    ruling for abuse of discretion.2 Under the law of the case doctrine, “when a
    district judge has rendered a decision in a case, and the case is later transferred
    to another judge, the successor should not ordinarily overrule the earlier
    decision.” 3 However, the law of the case doctrine “is a rule of convenience and
    utility and yields to adequate reason, for the predecessor judge could always
    have reconsidered his initial decision so long as the case remained in his court.” 4
    A judge to whom a case has been transferred has the same power to reconsider
    prior rulings as the predecessor judge.5
    Judge Harmon did not abuse her discretion in reconsidering the motion to
    dismiss for forum non conveniens. Judge Harmon noted that Schlumberger’s
    motion was very similar to the motion previously submitted by Noble, but that
    “given the events in this lawsuit since it was transferred to this court as well as
    information that was either not presented to, not considered by, or otherwise not
    available to the predecessor court,” the motion to dismiss for forum non
    2
    Loumar, Inc. v. Smith, 
    698 F.2d 759
    , 763 (5th Cir. 1983); Gallimore v. Missouri Pac.
    R.R. Co., 
    635 F.2d 1165
    , 1171 (5th Cir. 1981).
    3
    Loumar, 
    698 F.2d at 762
    .
    4
    
    Id.
    5
    Abshire v. Seacoast Prods., Inc., 
    668 F.2d 832
    , 837-38 (5th Cir. 1982).
    4
    No. 08-41305
    conveniens should now be granted. Since the time that Judge Kent denied
    Noble’s motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens, Noble filed claims against
    Schlumberger as a third-party defendant, the parties had been unable to procure
    and provide discovery located in Brazil, and the district court learned that the
    O’Keefes had filed a motion to toll the statute of limitations in a Brazilian court.
    Judge Harmon had the same power to reconsider the motion to dismiss for forum
    non conveniens as Judge Kent would have had, and she was not required to
    defer to Judge Kent’s previous ruling.
    III
    The O’Keefes next argue that the district court erred in its decision to
    grant the motion to dismiss for motion non conveniens. We review a district
    court’s dismissal on the basis of forum non conveniens for clear abuse of
    discretion.6 In reviewing forum non conveniens decisions, our duty is “to review
    the lower court’s decisionmaking process and conclusion and determine if it is
    reasonable; our duty is not to perform a de novo analysis and make the initial
    determination for the district court.” 7
    In deciding whether to dismiss a case for forum non conveniens, the
    district court must first determine whether an adequate alternative forum is
    available.8 If an alternative forum is both adequate and available, the district
    court must then weigh various private and public interest factors to determine
    whether dismissal is warranted.9 Ultimately, the “inquiry is where trial will
    6
    Gonzalez v. Chrysler Corp., 
    301 F.3d 377
    , 379 (5th Cir. 2002) (citing Baumgart v.
    Fairchild Aircraft Corp., 
    981 F.2d 824
    , 835 (5th Cir. 1993)).
    7
    In re Air Crash Disaster Near New Orleans, La. on July 9, 1982, 
    821 F.2d 1147
    , 1167
    (5th Cir. 1987) (en banc) (citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 
    454 U.S. 235
    , 257-58 (1981)),
    vacated on other grounds sub nom. Pan Am. World Airways, Inc. v. Lopez, 
    490 U.S. 1032
    (1989), opinion reinstated except as to damages, 
    883 F.2d 17
     (5th Cir. 1989).
    8
    Id. at 1165.
    9
    Id.
    5
    No. 08-41305
    best serve the convenience of the parties and the interests of justice.”10                       A
    plaintiff’s choice of forum is not conclusive, and “a foreign plaintiff’s selection of
    an American forum deserves less deference than an American citizen’s selection
    of his home forum.”11 The defendant has the burden of proof on all elements.12
    The O’Keefes argue that the district court erred in finding Brazil to be an
    available and adequate alternative forum. An alternative forum is available
    when “the entire case and all parties can come within the jurisdiction of that
    forum.” 13      An alternative forum “is adequate when the parties will not be
    deprived of all remedies or treated unfairly, even though they may not enjoy the
    same benefits as they might receive in an American court.” 14
    The district court did not abuse its discretion in determining that Brazil
    is an available forum for this litigation. The O’Keefes contend that Brazilian
    courts will not accept this case because O’Keefe died on a Panamanian-flagged
    vessel, which Brazilian courts recognize as foreign territory, and that a Brazilian
    court would hold that suit would be proper in the domicile of the defendant.
    However, the district court found that because the most directly involved parties
    could definitely be brought before the Brazilian courts, and the parent
    corporations could likely be brought before them, Brazil is an available forum.
    This finding was bolstered by the fact that Noble and Schlumberger have agreed
    to a lawsuit in Brazil.
    10
    DTEX, LLC v. BBVA Bancomer, S.A., 
    508 F.3d 785
    , 794 (5th Cir. 2007).
    11
    In re Air Crash Disaster, 
    821 F.2d at
    1164 (citing Piper Aircraft Co., 454 U.S. at 255-
    56).
    12
    DTEX, 
    508 F.3d at
    794 (citing In re Air Crash Disaster, 
    821 F.2d at 1164
    ).
    13
    In re Air Crash Disaster, 
    821 F.2d at 1165
    .
    14
    
    Id.
     (citing Piper Aircraft Co., 454 U.S. at 255; Syndicate 420 at Lloyd’s London v.
    Early Am. Ins. Co., 
    796 F.2d 821
    , 829 (5th Cir. 1986)).
    6
    No. 08-41305
    The district court also did not abuse its discretion in determining that
    Brazil is an adequate forum. While the O’Keefes argued that the case would
    take four years to resolve at the trial court level, the district court found that
    this was not an unacceptable level of delay, particularly in light of the fact that
    this case had already been pending for two-and-a-half years and was still not
    ready for trial. The district court also found that the inability of Brazilian courts
    to compel extraterritorial discovery was likely inconsequential because the
    accident occurred in Brazil, the corporate entities with actual involvement in
    this case are all Brazil-based corporations, and this litigation had repeatedly
    been delayed because of the inability of the parties to procure and provide
    discovery located in Brazil. Also, most of the witnesses located in the United
    States are party witnesses whose compulsion will not be required. Thus, we
    cannot say that the district court abused its discretion in finding that Brazil is
    an available and adequate alternative forum.
    The O’Keefes also contend that the district court improperly weighed the
    public and private interest factors in its decision to dismiss the case for forum
    non conveniens. The relevant private interest factors are: (1) “the relative ease
    of access to sources of proof”; (2) the “availability of compulsory process for
    attendance of unwilling . . . witnesses”; (3) “the cost of obtaining attendance of
    willing[] witnesses”; (4) the “possibility of [a] view of [the] premises,” if
    appropriate; and (5) any other practical factors that make trial “expeditious and
    inexpensive.”15 The district court found that the private interest factors weighed
    in favor of dismissal of the case. The parties had already experienced many
    difficulties in obtaining access to sources of proof located in Brazil or held by
    Brazilian domiciliaries. Most of the witnesses the O’Keefes listed who live in the
    United States are Noble employees, and Noble has consented to jurisdiction in
    15
    DTEX, 
    508 F.3d at 794
     (quoting Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 
    330 U.S. 501
    , 508 (1947)).
    7
    No. 08-41305
    Brazil. Also, most unwilling, non-party witnesses are likely to reside in Brazil
    beyond the reach of the district court. While the O’Keefes have stipulated that
    they will pay the costs of counsel for Noble and Schlumberger’s counsel to go to
    Brazil to depose relevant witnesses located there, this stipulation does not
    outweigh the difficulties in obtaining access to sources of proof or the
    unavailability of compulsory process for unwilling witnesses. Therefore, the
    district court did not abuse its discretion in finding that the private interest
    factors weighed in favor of dismissal.
    Although the district court found that the private interest factors weighed
    in favor of dismissal, it also weighed the public interest factors and found that
    they weighed strongly in favor of dismissal.16 The relevant public interest
    factors are:
    the administrative difficulties flowing from court
    congestion; the local interest in having localized
    controversies resolved at home; the interest in having
    the trial . . . in a forum that is familiar with the law
    that must govern the action; the avoidance of
    unnecessary problems in conflicts of law, or in
    application of foreign law; and the unfairness of
    burdening citizens in an unrelated forum with jury
    duty.17
    The district court found that because this case was governed by Brazilian law
    regarding the death of an Australian citizen while working in Brazil for a
    Brazilian company, this case has no meaningful connection to this forum other
    than the headquarters of the parent companies of two involved parties. The
    district court did not abuse its discretion in finding that the public interest
    16
    See In re Air Crash Disaster, 
    821 F.2d at 1164
     (holding that a court is required to
    examine the public interest factors only if it cannot determine whether the private interest
    factors weigh in favor of dismissal).
    17
    
    Id. at 1162-63
    .
    8
    No. 08-41305
    factors weighed in favor of dismissal. Therefore, the district court did not abuse
    its discretion in granting the motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens.
    IV
    Finally, the O’Keefes argue that the district court failed to impose
    sufficient conditions on its dismissal, as required by Baris v. Sulpicio Lines,
    Inc.18 In Baris, we recognized that “courts must take measures, as part of their
    dismissals in forum non conveniens cases, to ensure that defendants will not
    attempt to evade the jurisdiction of the foreign courts.” 19 Here, the district court
    satisfied this requirement by conditioning the dismissal “on all defendants
    submitting to the jurisdiction of the Brazilian court.”
    *           *      *
    Therefore, we hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in
    dismissing this case for forum non conveniens, and its judgment is AFFIRMED.
    18
    
    932 F.2d 1540
    , 1551 (5th Cir. 1991).
    19
    
    Id.
    9