United States v. Martinez ( 2000 )

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
For the Fifth Circuit
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No. 99-50284
Summary Calender
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
OSCAR MARTINEZ,
Defendant-Appellant.
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Texas
USDC No. SA-98-CR-162-1
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May 16, 2000
Before REYNALDO G. GARZA, EMILIO M. GARZA, and DEMOSS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM1:
Oscar Martinez appeals his conviction for possession with intent to distribute cocaine
found in the battery of his truck during a traffic stop. Oscar Martinez argues that the district
court erred in failing to give his requested jury instruction that evidence of general nervousness
was insufficient to prove his guilty knowledge of the presence of drugs in the battery of his truck.
Finding no error, we AFFIRM.
The charge requested by Martinez was not balanced as it failed to note that the display of
nervous behavior after being stopped by a law enforcement agent may, in some contexts,
constitute part of persuasive evidence of guilty knowledge. See United States v. Diaz-Carreon,
915 F.2d 951, 954. As such, it had the potential of confusing the jury. The charge given by the
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Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R.
47.5.4.
district court followed this Circuit’s pattern instructions and adequately defined all the elements of
the drug offense, including the intent element. The charge given did not impair Martinez’s ability
to present his defense. Martinez was able to argue before the jury that innocent men are
sometimes nervous when stopped by law enforcement and the jury was thus aware of the different
inferences that could arise from Martinez’s nervous behavior. The district court did not abuse its
discretion in refusing to give the requested charge. See United States v. Perez-Valdez, 182 F.3d
331, 332 (5th Cir. 1999).
Next, Martinez argues that the prosecutor’s comments during his closing arguments
deprived him of a fair trial. The prosecutor challenged the testimony of Martinez’s character
witnesses by saying that like a serial killer whom neighbors later describe as a nice, quiet boy,
Martinez may have hid his criminal activity from character witnesses who described him as honest
and law-abiding. Martinez further complains of the prosecutor’s argument which suggested that
Martinez had distributed drugs from his apartment.
Because Martinez did no object to the comments at trial, we review for plain error. See
United States v. Wicker, 933 F.2d 284, 292 (5th Cir. 1991). The prosecutor’s attempt to
challenge Martinez’s character witnesses with a reference to serial killers was overly dramatic but
not significantly prejudicial. Since serial killing and drug distribution are so different, there is no
danger the jury was confused into taking the prosecutor’s comment as indicating Martinez had
engaged in additional crimes. The prosecutor’s remark directed the jury’s attention to the value
of character evidence in light of the common human experience that individuals are capable of
hiding aspects of their lives from others.
The prosecutor’s suggestion that Martinez was selling drugs from his apartment raised a
plausible inference based on evidence presented at trial that Martinez, who was found with drugs,
did not provide his new address on any official documents, and did not provide his new address to
the police officer. See United States v. Washington, 44 F.3d 1271, 1278 (5th Cir. 1998) (noting
that a prosecutor is not prohibited from reciting to the jury those inferences he wishes the jury
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would draw from the evidence as long as the inferences are based in the evidence.) The district
court gave the curative instruction to the jury that the argument of counsel was not evidence. See
Branch v. Estelle, 631 F.2d 1229, 1234 (5th Cir. 1980) (noting that cautionary instructions may
reduce any prejudicial effect of prosecutor’s comments). We conclude that the prosecutor’s
comments did not significantly affect the fairness of the proceeding and, thus, did not constitute
plain error.
Finally, Martinez argues that the district court erred in imposing an enhanced sentence
based on the drug quantity that was not alleged in the indictment, relying on Jones v. United
States, 526 U.S. 227 (1999). Martinez did not raise this issue before the district court.
Accordingly, we review for plain error only. Martinez’s challenge is foreclosed by United States
v. Rios Quintero, 204 F.3d 214 (5th Cir. 2000), in which this court held that Jones does not
support a determination that failure to allege drug quantity in the indictment constitutes plain
error.
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
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