Bilozur v. Edison Chouest Offshore LLC ( 2008 )


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  •            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
    Fifth Circuit
    FILED
    January 30, 2008
    No. 07-30168                   Charles R. Fulbruge III
    Clerk
    PETER BILOZUR
    Plaintiff - Appellant
    v.
    EDISON CHOUEST OFFSHORE LLC
    Defendant - Appellee
    Appeal from the United States District Court
    for the Eastern District of Louisiana
    USDC No. 2:05-CV-3707
    Before REAVLEY, BENAVIDES, and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
    PER CURIAM:*
    Peter Bilozur, a Jones Act seaman, sued his employer, Edison Chouest
    Offshore, LLC, for maintenance and cure after he was injured in a bar fight. The
    district court granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant, concluding
    that Bilozur was not in the service of his ship at the time of his injury. Bilozur
    appeals the grant of summary judgment.                  Reviewing the district court’s
    judgment de novo, Wright v. Ford Motor Co., 
    508 F.3d 263
    , 274 (5th Cir. 2007),
    we affirm essentially for the reasons discussed in the district court’s opinion.
    *
    Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
    be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
    R. 47.5.4.
    No. 07-30168
    Bilozur disembarked from his ship in Galliano, Louisiana, on Tuesday,
    June 7, 2005. At that time he was told he could go home because was not
    required to report back to his ship until June 21, 2005. Because Bilozur lived in
    Florida he decided to remain in Louisiana and take advantage of free housing
    that was available for Edison employees at a nearby dormitory.                       He also
    attended a training class required by Coast Guard regulations at Edison’s
    training facility from June 7 until the afternoon of Friday, June 10, 2005, when
    the class ended. Edison provided the class free of charge to its employees but
    Bilozur was not required to take the class at Edison’s facility. After completing
    the class Bilozur went to a nearby bar. Several hours after entering the bar,
    Bilozur was struck in the neck by an unidentified assailant and rendered a
    paraplegic. He filed suit against Edison for maintenance and cure and Jones Act
    negligence.1
    The obligation to pay a seaman maintenance and cure is based on general
    maritime law and requires that a shipowner make payment to any seaman who
    “becomes ill or suffers an injury while in the service of a vessel,” regardless
    whether either party was negligent. Bertram v. Freeport McMoran, Inc., 
    35 F.3d 1008
    , 1017 (5th Cir. 1994). “Th[e] [maintenance and cure] obligation includes
    paying a subsistence allowance, reimbursing medical expenses actually incurred,
    and taking all reasonable steps to ensure that the seaman receives proper care
    and treatment.” Morales v. Garijak, Inc., 
    829 F.2d 1355
    , 1358 (5th Cir. 1987)
    (citation omitted).
    Bilozur essentially argues that he was in the service of his ship at the time
    of his injury because he was being housed at a company dormitory and had just
    completed a required training course at the company facility. He asserts that
    the only reason he was in Louisiana on the night of June 10, 2005, was because
    1
    Bilozur has not briefed his separate claim for Jones Act negligence. Accordingly, that
    claim is abandoned. See Cinel v. Connick, 
    15 F.3d 1338
    , 1345 (5th Cir. 1994).
    2
    No. 07-30168
    he had just completed the training course and was waiting for an opening in
    another course to begin the following Monday. He further argues that the
    defendant had agreed to pay his travel expenses.
    A seaman may be found to be in the service of his ship even if he is on land
    on his own personal time if he is subject to the call of duty as a seaman and is
    earning wages as such. Baker v. Ocean Sys., Inc., 
    454 F.2d 379
    , 384 (5th Cir.
    1972). “[T]he ‘call to duty’ imports at the very least some binding obligations on
    the part of the seaman to serve.” 
    Id. At the
    time of his injury, Bilozur was on
    his “off hitch” time and was free to do as he pleased when he disembarked from
    his ship, having been replaced by a relief crewman and told he could go home.
    Bilozur was not being paid while off the ship, and he was not scheduled to return
    to duty until June 21, 2005. Although Bilozur may have considered himself to
    be “on call” and may have been willing to return to duty if called, the defendant
    presented evidence that it had no on call system for off-duty mariners and that
    an off-duty mariner called to replace a missing crewman was under no obligation
    to report. The evidence shows that Bilozur was never explicitly told that he was
    required to stay at the company dormitory, and Bilozur was not required to take
    the training class at the time and location that he did. The defendant also
    presented unrebutted evidence that Bilozur was not on a waiting list for any
    further training classes immediately following June 10, 2005, and there was
    evidence that the company never paid Bilozur for travel expenses. In short, at
    the time of his injury Bilozur was not serving any direct or indirect interest of
    his employer, and there were no “reciprocal obligations” by Bilozur that rendered
    him in the service of his ship. See 
    Baker, 454 F.2d at 385
    ; see also Sellers v.
    Dixilyn Corp., 
    433 F.2d 446
    , 448–49 (5th Cir. 1970).
    The district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.
    3