Drankus v. Anderson ( 2000 )

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
__________________________
No. 99-60631
Summary Calendar
__________________________
MICHAEL FREDERICK DRANKUS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
vs.
JAMES V. ANDERSON, SUPERINTENDENT,
MISSISSIPPI STATE PENITENTIARY,
Defendant-Appellee.
______________________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Mississippi
District Court No. 1:96-CV-661-Br-B
July 5, 2000
Before JOLLY, JONES, and BENAVIDES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Priso ner Michael Frederick Drankus appeals the district court’s dismissal of his 28
U.S.C. § 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Drankus argues t hat his guilty plea to capital
murder, an offense for which, because of the plea, he did not receive the death penalty, was
involuntary because he was not advised of the factors set forth in Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782
(1982), prior to pleading guilty.1 The Supreme Court of Mississippi affirmed the denial of post-
conviction relief on the ground that Drankus’s motion was time-barred pursuant to Miss. Code. Ann.
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is
not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
1
The Supreme Court found the imposition of the death penalty to violate the Eighth and Fourteenth
Amendments for a defendant who aids in the commission of a felony which results in death when the defendant did
not actually kill, attempt to kill, intend that a killing take place, or contemplate that lethal force would be employed
during the crime.
1
§ 99-39-5(2),2 and alternatively, on the merits. The district court adopted in part and modified in part
the magistrate judge’s report recommending against relief. The district court granted a certificate of
appealability solely on the issue of voluntariness of Drankus’s guilty plea.3
STANDARD OF REVIEW
AEDPA’s deferential habeas standards govern this case. If the state courts have
adjudicated the merits of a claim, this court may not grant relief unless the state decision was
“contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as
determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).
DISCUSSION
A federal habeas court will uphold a guilty plea if it was knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent. Hobbs v. Blackburn, 752 F.2d 1079, 1081-82. (5th Cir. 1985). Before accepting a guilty
plea, a trial court must ascertain that the defendant “has a full understanding of what the plea
connotes and of its consequences.” Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243-44 (1969). A petitioner
bears the burden of establishing that his guilty plea was invalid. Bonvillain v. Blackburn, 780 F.2d
1248, 1251 (5th Cir. 1986). A plea is not rendered invalid simply because it was entered to avoid an
undesirable alternative, such as, in this case, the death penalty. See Brady v. United States, 397 U.S.
742, 755 (1970). At the guilty plea hearing, Drankus told the court that he fully understood the
proceeding and that he read and understood the written petition to enter a plea of guilty. Moreover,
Drankus’s complaint that his plea colloquy did not cover the Enmund factors is wrong on several
counts. First, under Mississippi law, which tracks Enmund, Drankus could have been sentenced to
death because his acts in participating in the victim’s beating and robbery led to murder. Second, the
2
A motion for post-conviction relief under the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act
must be made within three (3) years after entry of judgment of conviction. However, Drankus filed his initial motion
for post-conviction relief with the lower court five hundred (500) days or sixteen (16) months past the three-year period.
3
It would have been preferable for the district court to deny a COA on the merits of Drankus’s claim
because, under Mississippi law, his claim was procedurally barred, the state Supreme Court held it was barred, and
the state has consistently relied upon the procedural bar. Nevertheless, we proceed to the merits here “for the sake of
caution,” though it is also not at all clear that Drankus established cause and prejudice to avoid the procedural bar.
Muhleisen v. Ieyoub, 168 F.3d 840, 843 (5th Cir. 1999).
2
plea colloquy effectively explained Drankus’s predicament and legal alternatives.4 Absent a flaw in
the plea colloquy, Drankus’s ineffectiveness of counsel argument also fails.
CONCLUSION
Drankus has cited no Supreme Court authority which requires a court to inform a
defendant who pleads guilty to avoid the death penalty of the Enmund factors prior to accepting the
guilty plea. Drankus has also failed to provide evidence that the Mississippi Supreme Court’s
decision denying his claim of an involuntary guilty plea was “contrary to, or involved an unreasonable
application of, clearly established federal law, ” § 2254(d)(1). The judgment of the district court
denying Drankus’s habeas petition is AFFIRMED.
4
The hour-long colloquy of Drankus’s guilty plea indicated that Drankus expressed absolutely no
discomfort with his decision to plead guilty, nor did any hint of misunderstanding exist regarding the nature and
consequences of his plea. The transcript also supports a finding that the lower court correctly advised Drankus
regarding the offense of capital murder and his eligibility for the death penalty. The trial judge never advised Drankus
that he had no defenses to the capital murder charge. Instead, Drankus was informed that “any defenses in law and
fact that you might have to this charge , anything that you might mitigate as far as sentence, anything at all is waived
by pleading guilty.”
3