In Re: Billy Lampton , 667 F.3d 585 ( 2012 )

Case: 11-30458 Document: 00511722517 Page: 1 Date Filed: 01/11/2012
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
January 11, 2012
No. 11-30458 Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
IN RE: BILLY LAMPTON,
Movant
Motion for an order authorizing
the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Louisiana
to consider a successive 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion
Before JONES, Chief Judge, and HIGGINBOTHAM and SMITH, Circuit Judges.
PATRICK E. HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judge:
Billy Lampton, a prisoner in the custody of the United States, seeks our
authorization under 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h) to file a second or successive petition to
vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence in the district court where the sentence
was imposed. After determining that Lampton’s petition would in fact be
“second or successive” within the meaning of § 2255(h), we deny his motion for
authorization to file it.
I.
A jury convicted Lampton of six offenses: three counts of distribution of
heroin, one count of fraudulent use of a telecommunications instrument, one
count of conspiracy to distribute heroin and marijuana, and one count of
engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise. In August of 1997, the Eastern
District of Louisiana sentenced Lampton to 360 months imprisonment on each
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of the distribution-of-heroin convictions, 120 months imprisonment on the
telecom-fraud conviction, and life imprisonment on both the conspiracy
conviction and the continuing-criminal-enterprise (“CCE”) conviction. The
district court’s judgment and probation/commitment order directed that all of the
sentences would run concurrently. A panel of this Court affirmed Lampton’s
convictions and sentence on direct appeal.1
Lampton later filed his first § 2255 petition. The district court granted the
petition in part and denied the petition in part. The district court determined
that Lampton’s convictions for both conspiracy and CCE violated the
constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy.2 In March of 2001, the
district court entered a judgment vacating Lampton’s conspiracy conviction and
the life sentence that had been imposed based on that conviction and denying
the balance of Lampton’s claims for relief. Lampton sought to appeal the denial
of the rest of his claims, but this Court denied him a certificate of appealability.
Between 2003 and 2010, Lampton filed ten challenges to his convictions
and sentence: three motions for authorization to file successive § 2255 petitions,
three petitions under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, three motions under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 60(b), and one motion for a nunc pro tunc order. All ten were
dismissed or denied. This steady stream of filings prompted this Court to warn
Lampton in 2010 that “filing further frivolous challenges to his conviction and
sentence could result in the imposition of sanctions.”3
1
United States v. Lampton, 158 F.3d 251 (5th Cir. 1998).
2
See United States v. Lampton, No. CR. A. 96-125, 2001 WL 263094, at *8 (E.D. La.
March 14, 2001) (unpublished) (citing Rutledge v. United States, 517 U.S. 292 (1996)). See
generally United States v. Devine, 934 F.2d 1325, 1342 (5th Cir. 1991) (“[A] § 846 conspiracy
is a lesser-included offense of a § 848 continuing criminal enterprise. Therefore, the Double
Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment bars punishment under both statutes.” (footnote
omitted)).
3
In re: Billy Lampton, No. 10-30483, slip op. at 2 (5th Cir. Sept. 2, 2010) (per curiam).
2
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Lampton instituted the current proceedings in the district court by filing
a § 2255 petition. Lampton contends that his petition is not second or successive
(and thus that he was not required by § 2255(h) to obtain this Court’s
authorization before filing it) “because it is his first § 2255 motion challenging
his amended judgment of conviction.” Relying on the Supreme Court’s recent
decision in Magwood v. Patterson,4 Lampton argues that because the district
court granted his first § 2255 petition in part, he is now in custody pursuant to
a new, amended judgment and that he has never filed a § 2255 petition
challenging this new, amended judgment. The district court determined that the
petition was successive and transferred it to this Court.
II.
We conclude that Lampton’s petition is “second or successive” within the
meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h). Magwood holds that when a first habeas
petition results in the issuance of a new judgment, a later-in-time petition
challenging that new judgment is not a “second or successive petition” under
AEDPA. AEDPA uses the phrase “‘second or successive’ as a ‘term of art.’”5 The
phrase appears in both § 2244 and § 2255, and it carries the same meaning in
both provisions.6 The phrase does not encompass all “applications filed second
or successively in time.”7 Rather, it “must be interpreted with respect to the
4
130 S. Ct. 2788 (2010).
5
Magwood, 130 S. Ct. at 2797 (quoting Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 486 (2000)).
6
See Leal Garcia v. Quarterman, 573 F.3d 214, 220 n.32 (5th Cir. 2009) (noting that
the second-or-successive rules in § 2244, which govern successive petitions under § 2254,
should be read “in pari materia with those under § 2255” (citing United States v. Orozco-
Ramirez, 211 F.3d 862, 864 n.4 (5th Cir. 2000))); see also Urinyi v. United States, 607 F.3d 318,
321 (2d Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (“[N]othing in the AEDPA indicates that Congress intended
the ‘second or successive’ rules to operate differently with regard to state and federal
prisoners.”).
7
Magwood, 130 S. Ct. at 2796 (quoting Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930, 944
(2007)).
3
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judgment challenged.”8 As a consequence, where the granting of an initial
habeas petition results in the issuance of a new, intervening judgment of
conviction, “an application challenging the resulting new judgment is not ‘second
or successive’” within the meaning of the statute.9 AEDPA’s bar on second or
successive petitions only applies to a later-in-time petition that challenges the
same state-court judgment as an earlier-in-time petition.
Whether a new judgment has intervened between two habeas petitions,
such that the second petition can be filed without this Court’s permission,
depends on whether a new sentence has been imposed.10 In Magwood, the
granting of the petitioner’s first petition resulted in him being re-sentenced after
a second round of state-court sentencing proceedings.11 In In re Barnes,12 the
petitioner’s first habeas petition was dismissed on limitations grounds. He later
filed a motion in state court to correct his life sentence. The motion was granted,
and Barnes’s life sentence was “corrected” to be a 99-year sentence. We held
that he could file another § 2254 petition without obtaining prior authorization
from this Court under § 2244 “[b]ecause a new sentence constitutes a new
judgment.”13 By contrast, in In re Martin, the Tenth Circuit held that Magwood
did not apply where, after the petitioner’s first § 2254 petition had been denied,
the state court had entered an amended judgment that “merely corrected a
clerical error”—specifically, a typographical error—in the judgment of
8
Id. at 2797.
9
Id. at 2802.
10
See Burton v. Stewart, 549 U.S. 147, 156 (2007) (“‘Final judgment in a criminal case
means sentence. The sentence is the judgment.’” (quoting Berman v. United States, 302 U.S.
211, 212 (1937))).
11
130 S. Ct. at 2793.
12
No. 11-30319 (5th Cir. June 23, 2011) (per curiam).
13
Id., slip op. at 3.
4
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conviction.14 The petitioner’s sentence was undisturbed, so no new judgment had
been interposed.
It has long been the law of this Circuit that where a defendant has been
improperly convicted of and sentenced on both a greater offense and a lesser-
included offense, “the proper remedy is to vacate both the conviction and
sentence on the included offense, leaving the conviction and sentence on the
greater offense intact.”15 Thus, when a first habeas petition results in vacatur
of the conviction and sentence associated with one count of a multi-count
conviction, the district court is not required to enter a new judgment as to the
remaining counts. Those convictions and sentences, as well as the judgment
imposing them, remain undisturbed.
In this case, we conclude that Lampton’s petition seeks to challenge the
same judgment of conviction that was the subject of his first § 2255 petition.
Lampton is still serving the same life sentence on the same CCE conviction that
was imposed by the judgment entered in August of 1997. Lampton’s prior § 2255
petition did not yield a new judgment of conviction. Federal Rule of Criminal
Procedure 32(k)(1) requires “the judgment of conviction” to “set forth the plea,
the jury verdict or the court’s findings, the adjudication, and the sentence.” The
August 1997 judgment is the only document in the record that satisfies those
requirements. The judgment entered by the district court in March of 2001 after
disposing of Lampton’s § 2255 motion did not satisfy Rule 32(k)(1). Rather, that
judgment served to terminate the § 2255 proceeding, which this Court regards
14
398 F. App’x 326, 327 (10th Cir. 2010) (unpublished).
15
United States v. Buckley, 586 F.2d 498, 505 (5th Cir. 1978) (emphasis omitted);
accord Devine, 934 F.2d at 1343; United States v. Gonzales, 866 F.2d 781, 786 (5th Cir. 1989);
United States v. Michel, 588 F.2d 986, 1001 (5th Cir. 1979). The Supreme Court adopted the
same rule in Ball v. United States, 470 U.S. 856, 864 (1985), and our sister circuits have
faithfully applied it, see, e.g., United States v. Snyder, 766 F.2d 167, 171 (4th Cir. 1985); United
States v. Throneburg, 921 F.2d 654, 657 (6th Cir. 1990).
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“as being civil in nature.”16 In both Magwood and Barnes, the prior petition had
yielded a new sentence, and hence a new judgment. Not so here; Lampton’s
sentence on the CCE conviction remained intact after the initial § 2255
proceeding was completed.17 Therefore, we conclude that there is no new,
intervening judgment to trigger the operation of Magwood and hold that
Lampton’s instant petition is “second or successive” within the meaning of
§ 2255(h).
We note that the Second Circuit has concluded, on virtually identical facts,
that when a court enters an amended judgment after vacating one of two
concurrent sentences, the amended judgment constitutes a new judgment for
purposes of the rule announced in Magwood.18 In that case, though, the
Government conceded that the petition was not successive.19 In this case, upon
a request by this Court for briefing, the Government makes no such concession,
instead arguing that Lampton’s petition is successive. More fundamentally, the
rule announced in Magwood applies only when a new sentence was imposed as
a result of the first habeas proceeding.20 The district court did not enter an
16
United States v. Johnston, 258 F.3d 361, 365 (5th Cir. 2001); see also United States
v. Hayes, 532 F.3d 349, 352 (5th Cir. 2008) (“‘[A] section 2255 proceeding is civil . . . .’” (quoting
United States v. Young, 966 F.2d 164, 165 (5th Cir. 1992))).
17
See United States v. Richardson, 195 F.3d 316, 317 (7th Cir. 1999) (per curiam)
(explaining that a defendant who received two concurrent life sentences following convictions
of both conspiracy and CCE “would still be subject to the undisturbed life imprisonment
sentence based upon” one conviction even if the other conviction “was permanently set aside”).
See generally Devine, 934 F.2d at 1343 n.6 (characterizing the vacatur of a conspiracy
conviction and the 20-year sentence imposed thereon, which was to run concurrently with a
life sentence for a CCE conviction, as a “grant [of] little meaningful relief”).
18
See Johnson v. United States, 623 F.3d 41, 46 (2d Cir. 2010).
19
See id. at 46 n.6.
20
Compare supra note 10, with Magwood, 130 S. Ct. at 2802 (conditioning the
applicability of its holding on the existence “a ‘new judgment intervening between the two
habeas petitions’” (quoting Burton, 549 U.S. at 156)).
6
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amended judgment of conviction in this case. No new sentence was imposed.
The less fundamental change made to Lampton’s judgment of conviction is not
enough to allow him to bypass AEDPA’s restrictions on piecemeal habeas
litigation.21
III.
Having determined that Lampton’s petition is second or successive, we
now conclude that Lampton has failed to make a prima facie showing that his
petition satisfies the requirements of § 2255(h).22 As relevant here, § 2255(h)
authorizes the filing of a second or successive petition only if the petition relies
on “a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral
review by the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable.”23 The two
claims in Lampton’s petition do not rely on a such a rule. Lampton first argues
that he is entitled to relief under Padilla v. Kentucky.24 Assuming without
deciding that the Court has made Padilla retroactive to cases on collateral
review, Padilla—which holds that counsel renders deficient performance by
failing to advise a non-citizen defendant of the possible deportation consequences
of a guilty plea—provides no succor to Lampton, a citizen who was convicted by
21
See generally Murphy v. United States, 634 F.3d 1303, 1309 (11th Cir. 2011)
(“Congress’s overriding purpose in enacting AEDPA . . . . [was] to achieve finality in criminal
cases, both federal and state.” (citations and internal quotation marks omitted))).
22
See 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h) (“A second or successive motion must be certified as provided
in section 2244 . . . .”); id. § 2244(b)(3)(C) (“The court of appeals may authorize the filing of a
second or successive application only if it determines that the application makes a prima facie
showing that the application satisfies the requirements of this subsection.”).
23
28 U.S.C. § 2255(h)(2). Section 2255(h)(1) authorizes the filing of a second or
successive petition that contains newly discovered evidence that, if true, constitutes clear and
convincing evidence of actual innocence. Lampton contends that he is factually and/or legally
innocent of the CCE offense under our decision in United States v. Bass, 310 F.3d 321 (2002)
but he concedes that this claim does not satisfy the requirements of § 2255(h)(1).
24
130 S. Ct. 1473 (2010).
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a jury. Lampton also points to United States v. O’Brien,25 but O’Brien is a
statutory-interpretation case about the elements of an offense under 18 U.S.C.
§ 924(c)(1)(B)(ii). Section 2255 authorizes a successive filing only when the
Supreme Court announces a new rule of constitutional law.
Lampton’s petition thus does not meet the statutory requirements for a
second or successive filing. Accordingly, it is ORDERED that his motion for
authorization to file the petition is DENIED. Because Lampton had a good-faith
basis for claiming that Magwood entitled him to file another § 2255 petition, this
matter was not frivolous. That said, we caution Lampton that our prior warning
remains in effect: the future filing of any frivolous challenge to his conviction
and/or sentence will result in the imposition of sanctions.
25
130 S. Ct. 2169 (2010).
8