Farmers Direct v. Yates ( 2023 )

Case: 23-60183 Document: 00516933415 Page: 1 Date Filed: 10/17/2023
United States Court of Appeals
for the Fifth Circuit United States Court of Appeals
____________ Fifth Circuit
FILED
No. 23-60183 October 17, 2023
Summary Calendar
Lyle W. Cayce
____________ Clerk
Farmers Direct Property and Casualty Insurance
Company, formerly known as Metropolitan Direct Property
and Casualty Insurance Company,
Plaintiff—Appellant,
versus
Jonathan Elijah Yates,
Defendant—Appellee.
______________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Mississippi
USDC No. 3:22-CV-188
______________________________
Before Jones, Smith, and Dennis, Circuit Judges.
Per Curiam: *
Plaintiff–Appellant Farmers Direct Property and Casualty Insurance
Company (“Farmers”) appeals the district court’s grant of summary judg-
ment in favor of Defendant–Appellee Jonathan Elijah Yates and declaration
that under Mississippi law Yates may “stack” four uninsured motorist
_____________________
*
This opinion is not designated for publication. See 5th Cir. R. 47.5.
Case: 23-60183 Document: 00516933415 Page: 2 Date Filed: 10/17/2023
No. 23-60183
(“UM”) coverage limits for four separate vehicles covered under the auto-
mobile policy of the owner of a vehicle in which Yates was injured. The par-
ties filed an agreed stipulation of facts before the district court, stating that
Yates suffered economic and non-economic damages in excess of $450,000
as a result of the single–vehicle accident. Yates was riding as a guest passen-
ger in a vehicle leased by Mitzi and Garry Birks that was being driven around
by their grandson, Camron Flynn—whose negligence caused the accident.
Flynn is an “underinsured” motorist because his liability coverage does not
cover Yates’s total damages.
At the time of the accident, the vehicle in question was insured under
a personal automobile insurance policy issued by Farmers, which covered
four total vehicles belonging to the Birks. As relevant to this appeal, the policy
states that “[t]he limit of liability shown in the Declarations for ‘each person’
is the most we will pay for all damages . . . due to [bodily injury] to any one
person as the result of any one accident . . . is the most we will pay regardless
of the number of . . . vehicles shown in the Declarations.” Farmers argued
that this provision expressly limits stacking.
The district court rejected this argument and found the provision to
be void because it improperly imposed a blanket ban on stacking by all in-
sureds in violation of the Mississippi Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility
Law (“MMVSRL”), which prohibits the limiting of stacking benefits by con-
tract for Class I insureds, which includes the “named insured, and residents
of the same household, his spouse and relatives of either, while in a motor
vehicle or otherwise.” See Miss. Code Ann. § 83-11-101(1); Meyers v. Am.
States Ins. Co., 914 So. 2d 669, 674 (Miss. 2005) (“we have always recognized
the inherent entitlement of Class I insureds to stack coverage for which they
contracted”). Because stacking is mandatory for Class I insureds, and the
provision makes no distinction between Class I insureds and those
2
Case: 23-60183 Document: 00516933415 Page: 3 Date Filed: 10/17/2023
No. 23-60183
considered to be Class II insureds 1 because they are only covered because
they were in the covered vehicle, the district court properly found the pur-
ported anti-stacking provision to be void as a matter of public policy. See
Harthcock v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 248 So. 2d 456, 459 (Miss. 1971)
(“The coverage afforded by these policies is mandatory under the statute and
may not be cut down by a policy exclusion.”); see also Richards v. Allstate Ins.
Co., 693 F.2d 502, 505 (5th Cir. 1982).
Even if the at–issue provision were not void, Farmers failed to include
an express anti–stacking provision in compliance with Meyers v. Am. States
Ins. Co., 914 So. 2d 669, 673 (Miss. 2005). Although under Mississippi law
Farmers could have limited the stacking available to insureds like Flynn—
who is not a named insured under the policy but used the covered vehicle
with the Birds’ consent—here the insurance policy contained no express pro-
vision prohibiting stacking of uninsured motorist benefits. Brewer By &
Through Brewer v. Mississippi Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co., 328 So. 3d 721, 726
(Miss. Ct. App.), reh’g denied (Aug. 31, 2021), cert. denied sub nom. Brewer v.
Mississippi Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co., 329 So. 3d 1199 (Miss. 2021) (“[T]he
absence of an express prohibition on stacking allows Brewer to stack the UM
benefits of the vehicles insured under the same policy.”); see id. (Valid anti–
stacking provision must expressly state that coverage “shall not be stacked,
aggregated, pyramided or otherwise combined.”) (italics in original).
For these reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
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1
It is undisputed that Yates is a Class II insured.
3