Karen Hawver v. United States , 808 F.3d 693 ( 2015 )

RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
Pursuant to Sixth Circuit I.O.P. 32.1(b)
File Name: 15a0294p.06
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
_________________
KAREN HAWVER, ┐
Plaintiff-Appellant, │
│
│ No. 14-1501
v. │
>
│
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, │
Defendant-Appellee. │
┘
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit.
No. 2:13-cv-11068—Denise Page Hood, District Judge.
Argued: December 9, 2015
Decided and Filed: December 17, 2015
Before: SUTTON and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges; BECKWITH, District Judge.*
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COUNSEL
ARGUED: Don Ferris, FERRIS & SALTER, P.C., Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Appellant.
Andrew J. Lievense, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, Detroit, Michigan, for
Appellee. ON BRIEF: Don Ferris, FERRIS & SALTER, P.C., Ann Arbor, Michigan, for
Appellant. Andrew J. Lievense, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, Detroit, Michigan,
for Appellee.
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OPINION
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SUTTON, Circuit Judge. Karen Hawver claims that the Center for Family Health in
Jackson, Michigan, a federally qualified health center, caused her mother’s death by providing
*
The Honorable Sandra S. Beckwith, Senior United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio,
sitting by designation.
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No. 14-1501 Hawver v. United States Page 2
negligent medical care. The Federal Tort Claims Act provides the exclusive remedy for claims
against federally qualified health centers such as Family Health. See 42 U.S.C. § 233. By the
time Hawver filed this lawsuit, the two-year statute of limitations applicable to claims under the
Act had run. See 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). The district court dismissed her case as a result. Relying
on Rogers v. United States, 675 F.2d 123, 124 (6th Cir. 1982) (per curiam), the court held that a
failure to satisfy the Act’s statute of limitations requirements doubles as a failure to satisfy the
subject matter jurisdiction requirements of the federal courts and thus precludes equitable tolling.
Hawver v. United States, No. 13-CV-11068, 2014 WL 1405221, at *6–7 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 25,
2014). Hawver appealed.
After the district court’s decision, United States v. Kwai Fun Wong held that the Act’s
statute of limitations requirements in § 2401(b) do not implicate the subject matter jurisdiction of
the federal courts and that equitable tolling may save a late claim in some circumstances. 135 S.
Ct. 1625, 1629 (2015); see also Herr v. U.S. Forest Serv., 803 F.3d 809, 814 (6th Cir. 2015).
The Supreme Court’s decision in Kwai Fun Wong prompts us to do two things. First, as a matter
of compulsion under our hierarchical system of precedent, we must overrule our contrary
caselaw, see, e.g., Rogers, 675 F.2d at 124; Singleton v. United States, 277 F.3d 864, 873 (6th
Cir. 2002). Second, as a matter of discretion, we remand the case to the district court to give it
an opportunity to determine whether equitable tolling saves Hawver’s claim. The district court
dismissed Hawver’s claim at the Civil Rule 12(b)(1) stage of the case, it did not consider her
equitable tolling argument, and some discovery may be necessary to determine whether equitable
tolling applies. We thus vacate the district court’s opinion and remand the case so that the
district court may decide in the first instance whether equitable tolling applies.