Bannerman v. Snyder ( 2003 )


Menu:
  • 5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH   %DQQHUPDQY6Q\GHU 1R (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS 21%5,()&KHU\Os6WXUP&KDGGV)RUG3HQQV\OYDQLD IRU$SSHOODQWsRKQ3DWULFN*UDQW$66,67$1781,7(' 67$7(6$77251( R@WKHUWKDQWKHIDFWRIDSULRUFRQYLFWLRQ †SHWLWLRQFRXOGQRWEHEDVHGRQDUHWURDFWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQ DQ\ IDFW WKDW LQFUHDVHV WKH SHQDOW\ IRU D FULPH EH\RQG WKH RI$SSUHQGL SUHVFULEHGVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPPXVWEHVXEPLWWHGWRDMXU\ DQG SURYHG EH\RQG D UHDVRQDEOH GRXEWl  ,G DW  7KHVDYLQJVFODXVHPD\RQO\EHDSSOLHGZKHQWKHSHWLWLRQHU 3HWLWLRQHUjV $SSUHQGL DUJXPHQW LV WKDW WKH GLVWULFW FRXUWj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jV GHWHQWLRQ SXUVXDQW WR †  RQO\ LI WKH IHGHUDOGHWHQWLRQEHEURXJKWXQGHU†UDWKHUWKDQ† SHWLWLRQHUFDQVKRZWKDWmWKHUHPHG\E\PRWLRQ>SXUVXDQWWR DEVHQW D FODLP RI DFWXDO LQQRFHQFH  7KH ,&&35 GRHV QRW  86& † @ LV LQDGHTXDWH RU LQHIIHFWLYH WR WHVW WKH SURYLGHDQLQGHSHQGHQWEDVLVIRUFKDOOHQJLQJFXVWRG\XQGHU OHJDOLW\ RI KLV GHWHQWLRQl  86& † &KDUOHV  †  EHFDXVH LWV SURYLVLRQV DUH QRW VHOIH[HFXWLQJ DQG )G DW   7KLV SKUDVH LV NQRZQ DV WKH VDYLQJV FODXVH WKHUHIRUH QRW MXGLFLDOO\ HQIRUFHDEOH mODZl RI WKH 8QLWHG &KDUOHV)GDW 6WDWHV  6HH %XHOO Y 0LWFKHOO  )G   WK &LU   86 6HQDWH 5HVROXWLRQ RI $GYLFH DQG &RQVHQW WR 3HWLWLRQHUjVFKDOOHQJHZDVWRWKHOHJDOLW\RIKLVGHWHQWLRQ 5DWLILFDWLRQ RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RYHQDQW RQ &LYLO DQG +HDOOHJHGWKDWKLVUHPHG\E\ZD\RI†ZDVLQDGHTXDWH 3ROLWLFDO5LJKWV&RQJ5HF   8QLWHG RULQHIIHFWLYHWRWHVWWKHOHJDOLW\RIKLVGHWHQWLRQEHFDXVHWKH 6WDWHVGHFODUDWLRQWKDW$UWLFOHVWKURXJKRI,&&35DUHQRW ,&&35KDGEHHQYLRODWHGDQGEHFDXVHRQO\†SURYLGHV VHOIH[HFXWLQJ  &XUWLV $ %UDGOH\  sDFN / *ROGVPLWK DUHPHG\IRUWUHDW\YLRODWLRQV7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWUHMHFWHG 7UHDWLHV+XPDQ5LJKWVDQG&RQGLWLRQDO&RQVHQW8 HDFKRISHWLWLRQHUjVKDEHDVDUJXPHQWV7KHFRXUWIRXQGWKDW 3 / 5'   GLVFXVVLQJOHJDOLW\RIQRQ WKH ,&&35 GLG QRW HQWLWOH SHWLWLRQHU WR EULQJ DQ DFWLRQ VHOIH[HFXWLRQ GHFODUDWLRQV   :KLOH LW LV WUXH WKDW †  SXUVXDQW WR †   ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH FRXUW GHQLHG DOO RI XQOLNH†H[SUHVVO\LQFOXGHVYLRODWLRQRImWUHDWLHVRIWKH SHWLWLRQHUjV$SSUHQGLFODLPVEDVHGRQWKHUDWLRQDOHDQGOHJDO 8QLWHG6WDWHVlDVDEDVLVIRUFKDOOHQJLQJFXVWRG\LWLVFOHDU DXWKRULWLHVVHWIRUWKLQ3HUNLQVY7KRPV1R WKDWWKHJURXQGVIRUUHOLHIXQGHU†DUHWKHHTXLYDOHQWRI WKRVHXQGHUJHQHUDOIHGHUDOKDEHDVFRUSXVVWDWXWHVWKDWUHIHU WRmWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQRUODZVRUWUHDWLHVRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVl 6HH 'DYLV Y 8QLWHG 6WDWHV  86      ,W  79 LFOH  RI WKH ,&&35 SURYLGHV m,I VXEVHTXHQW WR WKH IROORZVWKDWWKHUHIHUHQFHWRmWUHDWLHVRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVlLQ FRPPLVVLRQ RI WKH RIIHQVH SURYLVLRQ LV PDGH E\ ODZ IRU WKH LPSRVLWLRQ †FDQQRWEHFRQVWUXHGDVDQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIQRQVHOI RI D OLJKWHU SHQDOW\ WKH RIIHQGHU VKDOO EHQHILW WKHUHE\l  8176   H[HFXWLQJSURYLVLRQVRIWUHDWLHVVRDVWRUHQGHUWKHPMXGLFLDOO\  6HFWLRQ  SURYLGHV LQ SDUW m7KH ZULW RI KDEHDV FRUSXV VKDOO QRW H[WHQG WR D SULVRQHU XQOHVV     +H LV LQ FXVWRG\ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ RU ODZV RU WUHDWLHV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHVl  86& †  F  1R %DQQHUPDQY6Q\GHU  HQIRUFHDEOHXQGHU†ZKHQWKH\DUHQRWHQIRUFHDEOHXQGHU † &21&/86,21 3HWLWLRQHUKDVQRWVHWIRUWKDQ\YDOLGDUJXPHQWVWRVXSSRUW KLVKDEHDVSHWLWLRQDQGWKHUHIRUHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWMXGJPHQW LV$)),50('  :H QRWH WKDW WKH )RXUWK DQG 1LQWK &LUFXLWV DOEHLW LQ XQSXEOLVKHG RSLQLRQV KDYH IODWO\ UHMHFWHG VXFK DQ DUJXPHQW 'XWWRQ Y :DUGHQ 1R   86 $SS /H[LV  WK &LU )HE    .HQDQ Y :DUGHQ 1R   86 $SS /H[LV  WK &LU $XJ    %HQLWH] Y :DUGHQ 1R   86 $SS /H[LV  WK &LU 'HF   

Document Info

Docket Number: 01-6597

Filed Date: 4/7/2003

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 9/22/2015