United States v. Hamid , 227 F. App'x 475 ( 2007 )

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 07a0282n.06
Filed: April 19, 2007
No. 06-3047
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ON APPEAL FROM THE
) UNITED STATES DISTRICT
v. ) COURT FOR THE NORTHERN
) DISTRICT OF OHIO
SIDDIQ ABDUL HAMID, )
) OPINION
Defendant-Appellant. )
_______________________________________)
Before: KENNEDY, MOORE and McKEAGUE, Circuit Judges.
KAREN NELSON MOORE, Circuit Judge. Defendant-Appellant Siddiq Abdul Hamid
(“Hamid”), also known as Andre Lindsay, was convicted by a jury of four drug and firearms charges.
After a prior appeal and remand for resentencing, Hamid now appeals his sentence of 230 months
in prison and four years of supervised release. Hamid argues that his sentence was unreasonable
because 230 months is longer than necessary to comply with the purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)
and because “the sentence imposed was not tied into or based upon the statutory factors set forth in
18 U.S.C. § 3553.” Appellant’s Br. at 20. Because the district court considered the relevant
§ 3553(a) factors, the applicable Sentencing Guidelines range, and the arguments raised by Hamid,
and because the resulting sentence was substantively reasonable, we AFFIRM the judgment of the
district court.
I. BACKGROUND
We have previously summarized the underlying facts in this case:
The defendant, Siddiq Abdul Hamid (a/k/a Andre Lindsay), was a member
of a group identified in his brief as the Black Stone Rangers Street Gang. In May of
2002 Mr. Hamid and other Black Stone Rangers made plans to rob a man whom they
thought would have large quantities of cocaine, marijuana, and cash. Armed with a
sawed-off shotgun and several handguns, the would-be robbers drove in two cars to
the house of the intended victim. He was not at home, and the robbery never took
place.
On their way back from the aborted robbery, Mr. Hamid and his associates
were noticed by a Cleveland, Ohio, police officer who “observed two autos driving
erratically in and out of traffic at a high rate of speed.” The officer, Joseph Sedlak,
saw that the occupants of the cars were all dressed in black. His suspicions aroused,
Officer Sedlak stopped one of the vehicles, a Plymouth driven by Mr. Hamid. The
Plymouth sped away when the officer got out of his cruiser. A chase ensued. The
occupants of the Plymouth eventually abandoned their vehicle and escaped on foot,
but one of them was apprehended later that night, as were the three occupants of the
second car. Mr. Hamid was arrested subsequently and was identified as the driver
of the Plymouth.
United States v. Hamid, 143 F. App’x 683, 685 (6th Cir. 2005). A federal jury found Hamid guilty
of four charges: count one of the superseding indictment, conspiracy to possess with intent to
distribute approximately three kilograms of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1),
841(b)(1)(B), and 846; count two, aiding and abetting carrying a firearm in relation to a drug
trafficking offense, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 924(c)(1)(B)(i); count three, being a felon in
possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g); and count seven, unlawful receipt of an
unregistered firearm, in violation of 26 U.S.C. §§ 5861(d) and 5871. On counts one, three, and
seven, the district court calculated a total offense level of 34 and determined a criminal history
category of VI, yielding a Guidelines range of 262 to 327 months in prison with a five-year
mandatory minimum. Count two called for a mandatory minimum sentence of 120 months in prison,
to be served consecutive to the sentence for counts one, three, and seven. District Judge Paul R.
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Matia noted that he thought that the statutory minimum sentence of fifteen years in prison “would
be more than adequate,” Joint Appendix (“J.A.”) at 98 (12/10/03 Sentencing Hr’g at 11), but,
operating under the pre-Booker mandatory-Guidelines regime, sentenced Hamid to 262 months in
prison on counts one, three, and seven, in addition to the mandatory 120 months in prison on count
two, for a total of 382 months in prison, the minimum sentence within the applicable Guidelines
range. On appeal, we affirmed Hamid’s convictions but vacated his sentence and remanded for
resentencing in light of United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). Hamid, 143 F. App’x 683.
Judge Matia retired, and on remand, Hamid’s case was reassigned to District Judge Patricia
A. Gaughan for resentencing. Hamid made a number of arguments in support of a shorter sentence.
Through counsel, Hamid asserted that, before trial, the government made a plea offer that would
have resulted in Hamid being sentenced to sixty months in prison, but that Hamid had a “head injury
which prohibited him from really understanding the full extent of the consequences of bypassing the
plea agreement back in ‘03.” J.A. at 111-12 (12/12/05 Resentencing Hr’g at 4-5). Hamid himself
elaborated, explaining that he was suffering such pain that he was “afraid to be around people” and
could not accept a plea agreement because he was “not going to be able to do time around people.”
J.A. at 117 (12/12/05 Resentencing Hr’g at 10). Through counsel, Hamid asserted that one of his
codefendants received a sixty-month sentence pursuant to a plea agreement, one received an even
shorter sentence, and two had the charges against them dismissed. Hamid argued in passing that he
was not significantly involved in the crimes. Finally, Hamid mentioned repeatedly that Judge Matia
had indicated in the initial sentencing that he would have imposed only the mandatory-minimum
sentence of fifteen years had he had the discretion to do so.
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After hearing from both parties, Judge Gaughan sentenced Hamid to 110 months in prison
on counts one, three, and seven, in addition to the mandatory 120 months in prison on count two, for
a total of 230 months in prison, fifty months longer than the mandatory minimum. Judge Gaughan
noted that she had consulted the advisory Guidelines range and also noted that had Hamid not been
determined to be a career offender, the Guidelines range on counts one, three, and seven would have
been 110 to 137 months in prison. Judge Gaughan stated that she agreed with Judge Matia that
Hamid’s Guidelines range would result in “a disproportionate sentence given what the other
defendants received in this case.” J.A. at 121 (12/12/05 Resentencing Hr’g at 14). Judge Gaughan
further reasoned that the circumstances of this case showed that Hamid’s crime was a very serious
offense and that the sentence imposed reflected the seriousness of the offense and would provide
adequate deterrence. Finally, Judge Gaughan stated that she did not believe Hamid’s explanation
that he rejected a plea bargain because of the pain that he was experiencing. Hamid timely appealed.
II. ANALYSIS
On appeal, we must determine whether a district court’s sentencing determination was
reasonable. United States v. Webb, 403 F.3d 373, 383 (6th Cir. 2005), cert. denied, --- U.S. ---, 126
S. Ct. 1110 (2006). Reasonableness has both substantive and procedural components, and
accordingly, we consider “not only the length of the sentence but also the factors evaluated and the
procedures employed by the district court in reaching its sentence determination.” Id. Hamid argues
that his sentence was both procedurally and substantively unreasonable.
A. Procedural Reasonableness
“A sentence may be procedurally unreasonable if ‘the district judge fails to “consider” the
applicable Guidelines range or neglects to “consider” the other factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a),
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and instead simply selects what the judge deems an appropriate sentence without such required
consideration.’” United States v. Ferguson, 456 F.3d 660, 664 (6th Cir. 2006) (quoting Webb, 403
F.3d at 383). Furthermore, when “a defendant raises a particular argument in seeking a lower
sentence, the record must reflect both that the district judge considered the defendant’s argument and
that the judge explained the basis for rejecting it.” United States v. Richardson, 437 F.3d 550, 554
(6th Cir. 2006).
Hamid generally argues that “the resentencing District Court Judge failed to adequately
explain on the record why she felt the sentence imposed was reasonable.” Appellant’s Br. at 21.
Hamid points to two specific factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) that the district court
purportedly failed to take into account, arguing that the district court “did not address or account for
the unique nature and circumstances of the offense and unique circumstances of Mr. Hamid,”
Appellant’s Br. at 20; see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1), and “ignored the statutory factor of avoiding
unwarranted sentencing disparity among similarly situated co-defendants,” Appellant’s Br. at 20-21;
see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6). The resentencing transcript, however, reveals that the district court gave
strong consideration to the need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities. See J.A. at 121 (12/12/05
Resentencing Hr’g) (stating that the Guidelines range would provide “a disproportionate sentence
given what the other defendants received in this case”). The district court also considered the nature
and circumstances of the offense. See id. (“I have reviewed the presentence investigation report in
regards to the facts surrounding this matter. I have also read in detail the Sixth Circuit opinion which
gave the facts of this case and of this defendant’s criminal activity.”). Finally, the only characteristic
of Hamid that was presented by the defense as potentially relevant was the pain that he was
experiencing before and during trial. The resentencing transcript reflects that the district court
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considered this characteristic, but found not credible Hamid’s claim that he rejected a plea bargain
because of that pain.
The resentencing transcript also reveals more generally that Hamid’s sentence was
procedurally reasonable because the district court considered the applicable Guidelines range, the
relevant 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors, and the arguments that Hamid raised. The district court first
noted the applicable Guidelines range as well as the Guidelines range that would apply had Hamid
not been found to be a career offender. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(4). The district court stated that it
“considers this to be a very serious offense” and noted that the sentence imposed would “reflect the
seriousness of the offense and also provide[] adequate deterrence,” J.A. at 121-22 (12/12/05
Resentencing Hr’g at 14-15), thus explicitly basing the sentence imposed on the factors set forth in
18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2). As explained above, the district court considered the nature and
circumstances of the offense and the characteristics of the defendant, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1), as well
as the need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6). Finally, the district
court addressed the arguments raised and developed by Hamid: the pain he asserts that he
experienced; the disparity between the applicable Guidelines range and the sentences that Hamid’s
codefendants received; the statements by Judge Matia at the original sentencing hearing; and the
need for drug treatment. The district court did not specifically address the argument that Hamid
played a relatively minor role in the crimes, but Hamid’s counsel mentioned this argument only in
passing and did not muster any facts in support of this claim. See J.A. at 113 (12/12/05 Resentencing
Hr’g at 6) (“I’m not sure what exact role he played in the offenses, but certainly he was not the prime
mover, so the Court can perhaps factor into a reasonable sentence a mitigating role.”). Hamid has
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not pointed to any relevant consideration that the district court did not address, and we therefore
conclude that his sentence was procedurally reasonable.
B. Substantive Reasonableness
“[A] sentence may [be] substantively unreasonable where the district court ‘select[s] the
sentence arbitrarily, bas[es] the sentence on impermissible factors, fail[s] to consider pertinent
§ 3553(a) factors or giv[es] an unreasonable amount of weight to any pertinent factor.’”1 Ferguson,
456 F.3d at 664 (quoting Webb, 403 F.3d at 385) (third through sixth alterations in original). A
within-Guidelines sentence is credited with a “rebuttable presumption of reasonableness,” United
States v. Williams, 436 F.3d 706, 708 (6th Cir.), petition for cert. filed, No. 06-5275 (Jul. 11, 2006),
and it follows that when a defendant challenges a below-Guidelines sentence, that sentence is also
credited with a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness, cf. United States v. Johnson, 445 F.3d 793,
798 (5th Cir.) (adopting a presumption of reasonableness for “statutory maximum sentences where
1
In Webb, the case in which we first set forth the proper scope of reasonableness review post-
Booker, we did not use the term “substantive.” In United States v. McBride, 434 F.3d 470 (6th Cir.
2006), we first described our holding in Webb as setting forth “both substantive and procedural
components to our reasonableness review,” id. at 475 n.3, but we did not set forth what each
component entailed. In Ferguson, we first delineated which aspects of our reasonableness review,
as set forth in Webb, are part of the procedural component and which aspects are part of the
substantive component. Ferguson, 456 F.3d at 664. In many ways, the procedural and substantive
components, as delineated by Ferguson and subsequent cases, appear to overlap. Compare, e.g., id.
(“A sentence may be procedurally unreasonable if ‘the district judge . . . neglects to “consider” the
other factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) . . . .’” (quoting Webb, 403 F.3d at 383)), with id. (“[A]
sentence may [be] substantively unreasonable where the district court ‘. . . fail[s] to consider
pertinent § 3553(a) factors . . . .’” (quoting Webb, 403 F.3d at 385) (third alteration in original)). We
are, of course, currently bound by the delineation set forth in Ferguson and subsequent cases, see
Salmi v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 774 F.2d 685, 689 (6th Cir. 1985); 6th Cir. R. 206(c)
(“Reported panel opinions are binding on subsequent panels.”), but regardless of how the
components are delineated, we are primarily bound by the requirement set forth in Webb, the earliest
of these cases, that we consider both “the length of the sentence” and “the factors evaluated and the
procedures employed by the district court in reaching its sentencing determination,” Webb, 403 F.3d
at 383.
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that maximum falls below the appropriate guidelines range”), cert. denied, --- U.S. ---, 126 S. Ct.
2884 (2006).
Hamid argues that the sentence imposed was longer than necessary to comply with the
purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and thus substantively unreasonable, because the district court did
not give adequate weight to two factors. Most prominently, Hamid points to a statement by Judge
Matia during the original sentencing hearing: “With respect to the sentencing disparity, I will agree
with you that I think the sentence in this case is grossly disproportionate. And I think that a sentence
that would be the statutory minimum as required would be more than adequate.” J.A. at 98
(12/10/03 Sentencing Hr’g at 11). Judge Gaughan explicitly considered Judge Matia’s comments
during resentencing, but Hamid argues that those comments should have been given more weight
and that they militated more strongly towards a statutory-minimum sentence of fifteen years in
prison. Hamid focuses much of his argument on attempting to show that a fifteen-year sentence
would have been reasonable, as suggested by Judge Matia. Sentencing before Booker, Judge Matia,
of course, did not consider the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) and did not carefully decide
that a fifteen-year sentence would satisfy the district court’s post-Booker mandate. Moreover, even
if we were to accept Hamid’s argument that a fifteen-year sentence would have been reasonable,
saying that such a sentence “‘might be reasonable is not to say that the district court . . . could not
have imposed a different sentence that might also have been reasonable.’” United States v. Barnett,
398 F.3d 516, 530 (6th Cir.) (quoting United States v. Hughes, 396 F.3d 374, 381 n.8 (4th Cir.
2005)), cert. dismissed, 545 U.S. 1163 (2005). Judge Gaughan gave significant weight to Judge
Matia’s comments, and Hamid has not demonstrated that her failure to give Judge Matia’s comments
greater weight was unreasonable.
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In that same vein, Hamid argues that the district court did not give adequate weight to the
disparity between the sentence that Hamid received and the sentences received by his codefendants,
all of which were sixty months or less. Again, the resentencing transcript demonstrates that Judge
Gaughan gave great weight to the need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities and to Judge
Matia’s comments relying on this factor, reducing Hamid’s sentence from the Guidelines range of
382 to 447 months in prison to a sentence of 230 months in prison, but Hamid argues that this factor
should have been given even more weight. We have previously noted that a disparity may be
reasonable if “co-conspirators chose to plead guilty and cooperate with the prosecution.” United
States v. Dexta, 470 F.3d 612, 616 n.1 (6th Cir. 2006), petition for cert. filed, No. 06-9826 (Feb. 27,
2007). Moreover, Judge Gaughan determined that this factor was counterbalanced, at least in part,
by the seriousness of the offense and the nature and circumstances of the offense. The disparity
between 230 months and sixty months or less is still great and could warrant a conclusion in some
circumstances that the greater sentence was unreasonable, but absent evidence that, for example,
Hamid’s codefendants were as or more culpable than Hamid or had as serious criminal histories as
did Hamid, we conclude that the district court’s sentence was substantively reasonable.
III. CONCLUSION
Because the district court considered the relevant § 3553(a) factors, the applicable Guidelines
range, and the arguments raised by Hamid, and because the resulting sentence was substantively
reasonable, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.
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