United States v. Michael Martin ( 2012 )

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 12a0816n.06
No. 11-5811
FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT Jul 30, 2012
LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) ON APPEAL FROM THE
v. ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT
) COURT FOR THE WESTERN
MICHAEL MARTIN, ) DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
)
Defendant-Appellant. )
)
BEFORE: BOGGS and McKEAGUE, Circuit Judges; WATSON, District Judge.*
PER CURIAM. Michael Martin, a federal prisoner, appeals his conviction for being a felon
in possession of a firearm. After being charged with this offense, Martin filed a motion to suppress
the firearm in question. The district court held a hearing on the motion and denied it. Martin then
entered a guilty plea, conditioned on the reservation of his right to appeal the denial of his
suppression motion. He was sentenced to 180 months of imprisonment.
In reviewing the denial of a motion to suppress evidence, we review the district court’s
factual findings for clear error and its legal conclusions de novo; all evidence is viewed in the light
most favorable to the government. United States v. Caruthers, 458 F.3d 459, 464 (6th Cir. 2006);
United States v. Rodriguez-Suazo, 346 F.3d 637, 643 (6th Cir. 2003).
The evidence presented at the hearing showed that, on the night of Martin’s arrest, at
approximately 4:00 or 5:00 a.m., a woman delivering newspapers reported to a neighborhood
*
The Honorable Michael H. Watson, United States District Judge for the Southern District
of Ohio, sitting by designation.
No. 11-5811
United States v. Martin
security guard that she had seen a man in black pants and a white hooded jacket come out of the
bushes in a residential neighborhood. Around the same time, a burglar alarm sounded from one of
the homes. The security guard called the police, who responded to the scene. A man walking his
dog corroborated the newspaper delivery woman’s description of a man seen near the burglar alarm.
A responding officer reported that, on his way to the scene, he had seen a man matching that
description running across the street. He and two other officers returned to that area, where they
encountered Martin, wearing black pants and a white hooded jacket with leaves on it, walking down
the sidewalk. The officers parked their vehicles, and two of the officers exited their vehicle, asking
Martin to stop and produce identification. All three officers testified that Martin made a sudden,
quick move to reach into his left front pocket. All of the officers testified that they immediately
assumed that Martin was reaching for a weapon. The two officers who were standing near Martin
each quickly grabbed one of his arms and put him against the police cruiser to be handcuffed. A
handgun was recovered from Martin’s left front pants pocket.
Police may briefly detain someone when they have a reasonable suspicion that criminal
activity is occurring. Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119, 123 (2000). Martin argues that, because
the house where the burglar alarm sounded was not actually entered, the police lacked a reasonable
suspicion of criminal activity and should not have stopped him for questioning. This argument is
frivolous. Martin was seen by police running away from an area where a burglar alarm sounded, and
other witnesses reported seeing him coming out of the bushes near the house. The fact that the
burglary attempt was abandoned due to the alarm did not mean that the officers could no longer
suspect that Martin had been engaged in criminal activity.
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No. 11-5811
United States v. Martin
A closer question is whether the police were justified in searching Martin for a weapon. In
order to frisk Martin for a weapon, the police must have had a reasonable suspicion that he was
armed. See Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323, 326-27 (2009); United States v. Pearce, 531 F.3d
374, 380 (6th Cir. 2008). On this issue, the three police officers testified that Martin reached for his
left front pocket in a manner that led them to believe he had a weapon. Martin cites United States
v. McKoy, 428 F.3d 38, 40 (1st Cir. 2005), in which the court concluded that a driver stopped for a
traffic violation might be expected to reach into the console of his car for his registration and
insurance documents, and that such a motion, without more, did not justify a search for a weapon.
In this case, however, the district court accepted the police officers’ testimony that none of them
believed that Martin was quickly reaching into his left front pocket to produce identification.
Because the district court observed the testimony of the witnesses, its findings must be given due
deference. United States v. Townsend, 305 F.3d 537, 542 (6th Cir. 2002). No clear error is apparent
here. Accordingly, the district court’s denial of Martin’s motion to suppress is affirmed.
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