United States v. Miquel Jones ( 2020 )

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 20a0116n.06
No. 19-3598
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT FILED
Feb 24, 2020
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) ON APPEAL FROM THE
v. ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT
) COURT FOR THE
MIQUEL D. JONES, ) NORTHERN DISTRICT OF
) OHIO
Defendant-Appellant. )
)
Before: DAUGHTREY, KETHLEDGE, and THAPAR, Circuit Judges.
KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judge. Miquel Jones pled guilty to one count of being a felon in
possession of a firearm. He now argues that his modestly above-Guidelines sentence was
substantively and procedurally unreasonable. We reject his arguments and affirm.
In April 2018, Jones—a 48-year-old felon—invited a 16-year-old runaway, C.F., to stay at
his house. After C.F. moved in, Jones prevented her from leaving the house, gave her crack
cocaine, took photographs and videos of her naked, and had sex with her while she was high.
C.F.’s father heard that she was living with Jones, and went to Jones’s house to check on her and
to confront him about it. Jones showed the father a handgun and a sawed-off shotgun; the father
then reported Jones to the police.
By the next day, officers were surveilling Jones’s house. That afternoon, Jones and C.F.
drove away from his house; while officers followed, Jones sped on an interstate, exited abruptly,
and made a U-turn. The officers suspected that Jones knew they were following him, so they
turned on their emergency lights. Jones then made several U-turns and sped away, running a red
No. 19-3598, United States v. Jones
light in the process. The officers ended their pursuit out of concern for public safety, and returned
to Jones’s house to continue their surveillance.
A few hours later—after Jones and C.F. had returned, and after the officers had obtained a
search warrant—the officers arrested Jones and searched his house. They found two cell phones
with videos and images of C.F. naked; drug paraphernalia; a 12-gauge shotgun; and a 9mm
handgun with 16 rounds of ammunition in the clip. Jones eventually pled guilty to one count of
being a felon in possession of a firearm and ammunition, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1).
At sentencing, the district court determined that Jones’s Guidelines range was 30 to 37
months’ imprisonment. The court then addressed facts relevant to the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors,
including Jones’s criminal history; his struggles with addiction, mental illness, and a difficult
childhood; the circumstances in which Jones possessed the guns; his abuse of C.F.; and the dangers
posed by his flight from the police. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1)–(2). The court also stated,
mistakenly, that “the average sentence nationally for offenses involving felon in possession of a
firearm with [the same criminal-history category] is 56 months.” (The correct average is 26
months; 56 months is the average sentence for federal firearm offenses generally.) The court
eventually varied upward 5 months and imposed a sentence of 42 months’ imprisonment. This
appeal followed.
Jones challenges the substantive reasonableness of his sentence, which we review for an
abuse of discretion. United States v. O’Georgia, 569 F.3d 281, 288 (6th Cir. 2009). A sentence
is substantively unreasonable when the district court gives unreasonable weight to any of the
§ 3553(a) factors. United States v. Nixon, 664 F.3d 624, 626 (6th Cir. 2011).
Jones argues that the district court placed too much weight on his abuse of C.F. We think
the district court amply explained the significance it attributed to this factor, given Jones’s sexual
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No. 19-3598, United States v. Jones
abuse of C.F. and the danger in which he placed her. Moreover, the court also cited other factors
supporting a variance—including that Jones threatened C.F.’s father and endangered others when
he evaded the police.
Jones also argues that the district court put too little weight on aspects of his “history and
characteristics” that he sees as mitigating. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1). But the record shows that
the court specifically considered Jones’s mental illness, drug addiction, and difficult childhood;
and the court said that the “sentence tends to go down when I hear those mitigating factors.” Yet
the court was required to balance those circumstances against other § 3553(a) factors, such as the
need to deter crime and protect the public. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a); United States v. Sexton,
512 F.3d 326, 332 (6th Cir. 2008). The balance struck by the court fell well within its discretion.
Finally, Jones argues that his sentence was procedurally unreasonable because the district
court relied on an incorrect sentencing statistic. Jones did not raise this argument at sentencing,
however, so we review only for plain error. See United States v. Bostic, 371 F.3d 865, 872–73
(6th Cir. 2004). Under that standard, Jones must show (among other things) that the alleged error
affected his substantial rights, i.e., that the district court’s reliance on the statistic increased his
sentence. See United States v. Wilson, 614 F.3d 219, 223 (6th Cir. 2010). Jones has not made that
showing here: the district court mentioned the statistic only in passing, and the statistic found no
mention in the court’s recitation of the otherwise substantial reasons for the sentence it chose.
The district court’s judgment is affirmed.
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