NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted March 22, 2013*
Decided March 26, 2013
Before
DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge
DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge
No. 12‐2436
JAY F. VERMILLION, Appeal from the United States District
Petitioner‐Appellant, Court for the Northern District of Indiana,
South Bend Division.
v.
No. 3:12‐CV‐150‐PPS
MARK E. LEVENHAGEN,
Respondent‐Appellee. Philip P. Simon,
Chief Judge.
*
After examining the briefs and record, we have concluded that oral argument is
unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and record. See FED. R. APP. P.
34(a)(2)(C).
No. 12‐2436 Page 2
O R D E R
Jay Vermillion, an Indiana inmate, challenges the denial of earned‐credit time and
demotion in his credit‐earning class following a conduct report for trafficking contraband
with a prison counselor. He asserts that he did not receive adequate notice of the dates of
his alleged trafficking. The conduct report lists, for the date of offense, the date when the
prison counselor confessed that he and Vermillion trafficked. After exhausting his
administrative remedies, Vermillion petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus,
28 U.S.C. § 2254,
which the district court summarily dismissed, explaining that Vermillion had received
adequate notice of the charge. Because we do not think the issue warrants summary
dismissal, we remand for further proceedings.
This is Vermillion’s third federal petition challenging his punishment for this single
charge of trafficking. The state prison’s final review authority twice ordered his case to be
remanded for a rehearing, for reasons that remain unclear on this record. Vermillion
petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus after each guilty finding, but both previous petitions
were dismissed as moot in light of the prison‐ordered rehearings. See Vermillion v.
Superintendent, No. 3:11‐CV‐123‐TLS (N.D. Ind. Oct. 24, 2011); Vermillion v. Superintendent,
No. 3:10 CV 0119 PS (N.D. Ind. Mar. 16, 2011).
According to Vermillion’s pleadings, which we accept as true at this stage of the
proceeding, Phillips v. Brennan,
912 F.2d 189, 191 (7th Cir. 1990), before his third hearing
Vermillion received a screening report and a conduct report—his notice of an impending
disciplinary proceeding. The reports charged him with trafficking with a prison counselor.
The “incident date” listed is July 29, 2009, at 9:30 a.m. In describing the incident, the body of
the conduct report states that July 29 at 9:30 is when the counselor confessed:
On 07/29/09 at 9:30 am during an interview with Counselor Donald Bates: Mr.
Bates did admit to trafficking with Offender Vermillion # 973683. Mr. Bates
stated that he trafficked in tobacco and a cell phone to Vermillion. Offender
Vermillion was questioned on this and declined to make a statement.
In various other documents related to Vermillion’s three hearings, the prison also listed July
29, 2009 as the incident date.
Based on the incident date listed in the report, Vermillion believed that he was being
charged with a trafficking offense that occurred on July 29, 2009 at 9:30 a.m. Before his third
hearing, he even asked the screening officer to confirm that the charged offense occurred on
July 29, and the officer allegedly confirmed this. Vermillion then asserted—as he had,
apparently, at the previous two hearings—that he could not have committed the offense at
No. 12‐2436 Page 3
that date and time because he was being interviewed by other prison guards about an
unrelated incident. He requested statements from five prison guards to corroborate his
story, but the tribunal denied his requests, explaining that the guards were all unavailable.
After the third hearing, the tribunal found him guilty, revoked 60 days’ earned‐credit time,
and demoted him to a lower credit‐earning class. This time the prison authorities denied his
appeal, and he filed his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under
28 U.S.C. § 2254, which
was assigned to the same district judge who rejected his first petition.
In his petition, Vermillion raises six issues: (1) he received inadequate notice of the
charge against him; (2) he was denied the opportunity to call witnesses and present
evidence; (3) the prison tribunal failed to consider exculpatory evidence; (4) the tribunal
relied on confidential sources without verifying their credibility; (5) the tribunal’s findings
lacked sufficient evidence; and (6) the sanctions imposed against him violated double
jeopardy because the sanctions from the previous two hearings have not been vacated. The
district court summarily dismissed Vermillion’s petition without ordering a response.
See Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts.
Focusing on the notice, the court observed that the incident date in the conduct report was
an “error,” but concluded that the mistake did not violate the relaxed standard of due
process for prison discipline. The court explained that the conduct report “makes clear that
what happened on July 29, 2009, was that counselor Bates confessed to trafficking with
Vermillion.”
On appeal Vermillion reasserts the six issues raised in his petition; although the
prison did not respond in the district court, it has submitted a brief on appeal. The principal
contention between the parties is whether the district court erred in concluding that the
conduct report provided constitutionally adequate notice of the trafficking charge.
In the context of a prison disciplinary hearing, due process requires that inmates
receive advance written notice that is sufficient to “give the charged party a chance to
marshal the facts in his defense and to clarify what the charges are, in fact.” Wolff v.
McDonnell,
418 U.S. 539, 563–64 (1974); see also Northern v. Hanks,
326 F.3d 909, 910 (7th Cir.
2003). The district court’s dismissal suggests that where the conduct report describes the
nature of the offense, it need not specify the date on which the offense is believed to have
occurred. We do not agree in this case. When known, and absent security or confidentiality
needs, due process requires that prison officials notify the prisoner of the “date, place, and
nature of the alleged misconduct.” Dible v. Scholl,
506 F.3d 1106, 1110 (8th Cir. 2007). A
notice that lists a date on which the offense is known not to have occurred, as apparently
happened here, can violate due process because the error, even if inadvertent, may
prejudice the inmate’s ability to prepare his defense. See Sira v. Morton,
380 F.3d 57, 70–72
(2d Cir. 2004) (reversing grant of summary judgment to prison and ruling that prisoner was
No. 12‐2436 Page 4
denied due process when conduct report mistakenly stated, as date of offense, the date on
which prison filed the report). See also McCollum v. Miller,
695 F.2d 1044, 1048–49 (7th Cir.
1982) (recognizing that notice lacking date of alleged offense and other, confidential details
precluded preparation of effective defense and requiring “additional safeguards” at new
hearing to justify the omission); Jackson v. Carlson,
707 F.2d 943, 948 (7th Cir. 1983) (holding
that where notice included date and place of alleged offense, notice requirement was
satisfied despite omission of informants’ identities).
Prison officials compounded the error of listing the wrong incident date by repeating
it throughout these proceedings. All documents related to Vermillion’s three hearings state
that the offense occurred on July 29. Additionally, according to the petition, a prison officer
informed Vermillion before the third hearing, and after the date error had already surfaced
during his first habeas petition, that the date of the offense was July 29, 2009. Relying on this
information, Vermillion seems to have staked his entire defense (in all three hearings) on the
existence of an alibi during the date and time identified in the reports. The erroneous date,
repeated throughout the proceedings, is enough to call into question the adequacy of the
notice he received.
The prison responds by arguing on appeal that Vermillion received adequate notice
because this notice was the third iteration of the same charge and therefore, after two prior
hearings, he could not reasonably believe that July 29, 2009 was the date of the offense. But
on this record we do not know if the prison ever notified Vermillion, at any stage of the
earlier proceedings, of the date on which he allegedly trafficked. The only incident date
appearing in this record is July 29, and the prison does not contend that it ever believed that
this date was correct. Without a factual response to the petition, we cannot on the current
record infer that the prison’s decision to omit the actual date of commission, and instead list
only a date it may not have believed to be correct, is justified by correctional needs.
See Dible,
506 F.3d at 1110 (explaining that a “district court must be given reasons to justify
the absence of specific facts from a disciplinary notice”); McCollum, 695 F.2d at 1048. We
therefore believe that the case should be remanded to give the prison an opportunity to
respond and expand the record in its defense.
Vermillion’s remaining claims all relate to the same disciplinary hearing. Because the
district court has not yet addressed these claims in light of this order, we leave their
resolution to the district court on remand.
We REVERSE the summary dismissal and REMAND the case to the district court so
that the respondent may answer and the court may conduct further proceedings.
