Cortez Berryhill v. Larry Dorsey ( 1998 )

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
___________
No. 97-1827
___________
Cortez Berryhill, *
*
Plaintiff-Appellant, * Appeal from the United States
* District Court for the Western
v. * District of Missouri.
*
Dora Schriro, George Lombardi, *
Kelly Lock, *
*
Defendants, *
*
Larry Dorsey, Virgil Helton, Ray *
Bloomer, Ron Walters, *
*
Defendants- *
Appellees.
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Submitted: November 17, 1997
Filed: March 6, 1998
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Before FAGG, WOLLMAN, and HANSEN, Circuit Judges.
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HANSEN, Circuit Judge.
Cortez Berryhill, a Missouri prisoner, appeals the district court’s1
grant of summary judgment in favor of defendants Larry Dorsey, Virgil
Helton, Ray Bloomer,
1
The Honorable Scott O. Wright, United States District Judge for the Western
District of Missouri.
and Ron Walters in this civil rights action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983. We affirm.
I.
In his second amended complaint, Berryhill claims that on November
4, 1994, while working in a maintenance job assignment at the prison, he
was approached by four civilian maintenance workers--Dorsey, Helton,
Bloomer, and Walters. In his deposition, Berryhill testified that Bloomer
grabbed him by the shoulders while Helton grabbed his buttocks with one
hand "[b]riefly." (R. at 133.) Berryhill testified that while he was
telling Helton that he "didn't play this" (R. at 128), Walters also grabbed
Berryhill's buttocks for a moment. Berryhill pulled away from them and
left the maintenance building feeling that they had intended to embarrass
him. He asserted that Dorsey verbally provoked the incident, but the only
thing he could remember Dorsey saying was something to the effect of, "Here
he comes." (R. at 147-48.) He did not hear the other defendants say
anything to him. Berryhill said that the whole incident lasted less than
a minute or a minute at the most.
In his federal complaint, Berryhill claims that the defendants'
conduct in this incident violated his Eighth Amendment right to be free
from cruel and unusual punishment as well as his Fourteenth Amendment right
to bodily integrity. He claims that he suffered asthma attacks and
emotional distress as a result of the incident. The complaint also asserts
one count of common law assault and battery arising from the incident. The
defendants filed a motion for summary judgment on several grounds,
including that Berryhill demonstrated no constitutional violation, that the
defendants, who are civilian employees, were not acting under color of
state law, and that if they were acting under color of state law they are
entitled to qualified immunity. The defendants urged the district court
not to exercise its pendent jurisdiction over the state law claim.
A magistrate judge's report and recommendation initially recommended
that the summary judgment motion be granted as to defendant Dorsey, because
the record indicates that he did not participate in any physical touching
and he made no comments during the incident. The magistrate judge
recommended that summary judgment be denied as to the other defendants,
citing a factual dispute over whether a sexual assault or a minor incident
of nonsexual horseplay occurred. The district court did not adopt the
report and recommendation but granted the defendants’ motion for summary
judgment in its entirety. The district court stated that summary judgment
is appropriate “[f]or the reasons set forth in the defendants’ pleadings,”
without any further explanation of the ruling. (Appellant’s Adden. at A-
2.) Berryhill appeals.
II.
We review de novo the district court's grant of summary judgment,
applying the same standards as the district court. Dulany v. Carnahan, 132
F.3d 1234, 1237 (8th Cir. 1997); Mayard v. Hopwood, 105 F.3d 1226, 1227
(8th Cir.1997). We will affirm the grant of summary judgment if the record
"show[s] that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that
the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R.
Civ. P. 56(c). When considering the facts and the inferences to be drawn
from them, we do so in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587
(1986); Dulany, 132 F.3d at 1237.
Berryhill challenges the district court's grant of summary judgment,
arguing that the defendants' actions amount to an Eighth Amendment
violation, that the defendants were acting under color of state law, and
that questions of fact preclude a grant of qualified immunity prior to
trial.2 We first consider whether Berryhill has demonstrated
2
Although Berryhill also raised a Fourteenth Amendment claim in his complaint,
he does not pursue this claim on appeal. "As a general rule, we will consider an issue
not raised or briefed in this court waived." Stephenson v. Davenport Community Sch.
Dist., 110 F.3d 1303, 1307 n.3 (8th Cir. 1997) (internal quotations omitted). We see
no reason to deviate from the general rule here.
an Eighth Amendment violation, because if not, summary judgment was proper
and we need not address his remaining arguments.
The Eighth Amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishments.
"Not every governmental action affecting the interests or well-being of a
prisoner is subject to Eighth Amendment scrutiny, however." Whitley v.
Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 319 (1986). "[O]nly the unnecessary and wanton
infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by
the Eighth Amendment." Id. (internal quotations and alterations omitted).
While an Eighth Amendment claimant must allege and prove the unnecessary
and wanton infliction of pain, the particular standard to be applied
depends upon the kind of conduct of which the claimant complains. Id. at
320. When conditions of confinement are challenged, the deliberate
indifference standard applies. Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 303 (1991).
To succeed on an Eighth Amendment claim under this standard, the plaintiff
must demonstrate (1) that the conditions were objectively sufficiently
serious or caused an objectively serious injury to the plaintiff, and (2)
that the defendants were deliberately indifferent, or acted with reckless
disregard, to inmate constitutional rights, health, or safety. See
Stephens v. Johnson, 83 F.3d 198, 200-01 (8th Cir. 1996); Givens v. Jones,
900 F.2d 1229, 1234 (8th Cir. 1990). When brutality by prison employees
is alleged, the question is whether force was applied in a good faith
effort to maintain or restore discipline or maliciously and sadistically
for the very purpose of causing harm. Wilkins v. Moore, 40 F.3d 954, 958
(8th Cir. 1994) (citing Whitley, 475 U.S. at 320-21; Hudson v. McMillian,
503 U.S. 1, 9 (1992)).
There is no indication that the incident here involved discipline or
undue force. Berryhill labels the defendants' actions as homosexual
advances, which caused him
asthma attacks and psychological suffering. The evidence produced,
however, does not support his allegations. The record demonstrates that
the defendants were reprimanded for their inappropriate "horse play" (R.
at 190), and we have no doubt that their behavior was inappropriate.
Nevertheless, there is no evidence that Berryhill suffered anything more
than a brief unwanted touch on his buttocks. We bear in mind that not
"every malevolent touch by a prison guard [or civilian prison worker] gives
rise to a federal cause of action." Hudson, 503 U.S. at 9.
The only dispute lies in the characterization of this incident. The
defendants characterize it as mere friendly horseplay, while Berryhill now
characterizes the incident as a sexual advancement. This dispute does not
amount to a material dispute of fact sufficient to preclude summary
judgment, however, because Berryhill points to no evidence to support his
characterization of the incident. Certainly, sexual or other assaults are
not a legitimate part of a prisoner's punishment, and the substantial
physical and emotional harm suffered by a victim of such abuse are
compensable injuries. See Vosburg v. Solem, 845 F.2d 763, 767 (8th Cir.),
cert. denied, 488 U.S. 928 (1988). It would be a distortion, however, to
characterize the conduct in this case as a sexual assault, even when we
view the evidence, as we must, in the light most favorable to the
plaintiff. According to Berryhill's deposition testimony, the brief touch
to his buttocks lasted mere seconds, it was not accompanied by any sexual
comments or banter, and he thought the defendants were trying to embarrass
him, not rape him. Berryhill did not assert that he feared sexual abuse
during the incident, and the two brief touches to his buttocks in the
circumstances of this case simply cannot be construed as a sexual assault.
Berryhill points to no evidence other than the fact that he was briefly
touched to support his claim that this was some sort of sexual advancement
or assault.
Furthermore, no objectively serious injury (either physical or
psychological) was shown to have arisen from the incident. In his
deposition testimony, Berryhill asserts that he was humiliated and paranoid
after the incident, but he never sought medical attention for any
psychological or emotional difficulty and no fellow inmates attempted
to sexually assault him after incident. Berryhill also asserted that he
experienced shortness of breath three or four times as a result of the
incident. He has suffered from asthma attacks for several years, however,
and no medical evidence suggested that his shortness of breath on these
occasions resulted from this incident with the defendants. Demonstrating
a serious or permanent injury is not required to make out an Eighth
Amendment claim, but some actual injury must be shown and the extent of the
injury and pain suffered are relevant concerns in determining whether the
conduct amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. White v. Holmes, 21 F.3d
277, 281 (8th Cir. 1994). Berryhill has shown no injury.
The allegations of this case are a far cry from the allegations in
other cases which have ultimately withstood summary judgment. See, e.g.,
Seltzer-Bey v. Delo, 66 F.3d 961, 962-63 (8th Cir. 1995) (reversing a grant
of summary judgment where motions for discovery were pending and the
plaintiff had attested to, among other things, a sexual assault by a prison
official, daily strip searches during which prison officials made sexual
comments about the plaintiff, and one incident where the prison official
conducting the strip search rubbed the plaintiff's buttocks with a
nightstick while making suggestive comments); Watson v. Jones, 980 F.2d
1165, 1166 (8th Cir. 1992) (reversing a grant of summary judgment where the
plaintiffs attested that prison officials were engaging in almost daily,
sexually harassing pat-down searches). We conclude that Berryhill has
failed to create a material dispute of fact on the objective component of
his Eighth Amendment claim. He cannot demonstrate that the unwelcome
touches amounted to unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. See
Whitley, 475 U.S. at 319. Accordingly, his claim cannot withstand summary
judgment.
Berryhill contends that we should remand to the district court with
instructions for it to explain the reasons for its grant of summary
judgment. We conclude that a remand is not necessary, because this court
can affirm the district court's summary judgment decision on any basis
supported by the record. See Duffy v. Wolle, 123 F.3d 1026, 1035 n.5 (8th
Cir.1997). Having found a basis for affirmance, we need not
consider Berryhill's remaining arguments. Additionally, the district court
did not abuse its discretion by declining to exercise jurisdiction over the
supplemental state law claim of assault. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3)
(permitting district court to decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction
when it "has dismissed all claims over which it has original
jurisdiction").
III.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
A true copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.