Ozgur Leonard v. Rachel Lentz ( 2019 )


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  •               United States Court of Appeals
    For the Eighth Circuit
    ___________________________
    No. 18-1341
    ___________________________
    Ozgur Can Leonard
    lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellant
    v.
    Rachel Joy Lentz
    lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellee
    Steven Troy Lentz
    lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant
    ____________
    Appeal from United States District Court
    for the Northern District of Iowa - Ft. Dodge
    ____________
    Submitted: January 4, 2019
    Filed: January 14, 2019
    [Unpublished]
    ____________
    Before GRUENDER, WOLLMAN, and ERICKSON, Circuit Judges.
    ____________
    PER CURIAM.
    In this matter brought under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of
    International Child Abduction (Hague Convention),1 Ozgur Leonard, a dual citizen
    of Turkey and the United States, appeals from the order of the district court2 granting
    judgment in favor of his estranged wife, Rachel Lentz, a United States citizen.
    Leonard claimed that Lentz had wrongfully removed the couple’s three minor
    children, I.Y.L., E.M.L., and S.M.L, to the United States, and he sought the return of
    the children to the Republic of Turkey. Lentz denied having taken any wrongful
    action. As an affirmative defense, she asserted, inter alia, that E.M.L., who had been
    born with End Stage Renal Disease and needed a kidney transplant, required a much
    more advanced treatment facility and medical team than Turkey could provide; and
    that returning the children to Turkey would create a grave risk that they would suffer
    some physical or psychological harm, or place them in an intolerable situation.
    The district court concluded that Leonard had established a prima facie case for
    wrongful removal. See Barzilay v. Barzilay, 
    600 F.3d 912
    , 917 (8th Cir. 2010)
    (explaining that court considering ICARA petition must determine child’s habitual
    residence immediately prior to removal, whether removal violated petitioner’s
    custody rights under law of habitual residence, and whether petitioner was exercising
    those rights at time of removal). The district court further determined, however, that
    Lentz had established the grave risk exception to removal, finding, as relevant, that
    the evidence, particularly testimony provided by E.M.L.’s doctors at the University
    of Iowa Health Care (UIHC), showed that ordering E.M.L. to be returned at that time
    would pose a grave risk to her physical health, and that E.M.L. would need to remain
    in close proximity to UIHC for the duration of her post-transplant recovery. See 22
    1
    Pub. L. 100-300 Sec. 2(a)(4), codified as the International Child Abduction
    Remedies Act (ICARA), 22 U.S.C. § 9001(a)(4).
    2
    The Honorable C. J. Williams, then Chief United States Magistrate Judge, and
    now United States District Judge, for the Northern District of Iowa, presiding
    pursuant to the consent of the parties under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).
    -2-
    U.S.C. § 9003(e)(2)(A) (respondent opposing child’s return has burden to establish
    by clear and convincing evidence that exception set forth in article 13b of Hague
    Convention applies); Hague Convention, art. 13b (judicial authority is not bound to
    order child’s return if person opposing return establishes there is a grave risk that
    child’s return would expose child to physical or psychological harm or otherwise
    place child in intolerable situation). Accordingly, the court denied Leonard’s request
    to return the children to Turkey. Just weeks after E.M.L. received a kidney transplant
    from Lentz, Leonard asked the court to reconsider its decision and, as relevant, to
    “order the return of the [c]hildren contingent on a future medical ‘release’ by
    [E.M.L’s nephrologist] stating [she was] satisfied that E.M.L’s further care [could]
    be provided in Turkey.” The district court found that the issue of whether E.M.L.
    could be returned to Turkey post-transplant was not ripe for consideration.
    On appeal, Leonard argues, as relevant, that the district court improperly
    denied his request to return the children to Turkey because the transplant had already
    occurred and because there was no evidence before the district court demonstrating
    that Turkish medical facilities were unable to provide adequate post-transplant care.3
    We agree that the issue is not ripe for consideration, as the record contains
    neither evidence that E.M.L. had reached the point in her recovery where her medical
    team was prepared to release her nor evidence establishing the point at which post-
    transplant return to Turkey would be safe for E.M.L. See Parrish v. Dayton, 
    761 F.3d 873
    , 875 (8th Cir. 2014) (ripeness is reviewed de novo; “[a] claim is not ripe for
    adjudication if it rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as
    anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all”) (citation and internal quotations omitted).
    The judgment is affirmed.4
    ______________________________
    3
    Leonard’s other appeal arguments are either moot or without merit.
    4
    Lentz’s motion to supplement the record is granted.
    -3-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 18-1341

Filed Date: 1/14/2019

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 4/17/2021