Billy Bailey v. Kenneth Apfel ( 2000 )

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 99-1851EA
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Billy Bailey, *
*
Appellant, *
* On Appeal from the United
v. * States District Court for
* the Eastern District
Kenneth S. Apfel, Commissioner, * of Arkansas.
Social Security Administration, *
*
Appellee, *
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Submitted: September 13, 2000
Filed: October 16, 2000
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Before RICHARD S. ARNOLD, LAY, and FAGG, Circuit Judges.
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RICHARD S. ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.
Billy Bailey appeals the District Court’s order affirming the denial of
supplemental security income. We reverse.
At a September 1996 hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ), Bailey
testified that he suffers from a learning disability, has a speech impediment, and cannot
read and write. Prior to the hearing, Bailey took a variety of tests, the results of which
show he is mildly retarded and suffers from a severe articulation disorder. Following
the hearing, the ALJ concluded the results of these tests were not credible, gave no
substantial weight to Bailey’s medical records, and concluded Bailey did not suffer
from a listed impairment. Applying the factors set forth in Polaski v. Heckler, 739 F.2d
1320, 1322 (8th Cir. 1984), the ALJ found Bailey’s subjective allegations of mental
retardation were inconsistent with his skilled work history, his demeanor at the hearing,
and his daily activities; and were undercut by his ability to obtain unemployment
benefits, maintain an independent living while his wife was institutionalized, and
comply with probation requirements. The ALJ concluded Bailey could return to his
past relevant work of painting and construction work.
We review the ALJ’s decision to determine whether it is supported by substantial
evidence on the record as a whole, that is, relevant evidence that a reasonable person
might accept as adequate to support the conclusion. See Holz v. Apfel, 191 F.3d 945,
947 (8th Cir. 1999). The ALJ must apply a sequential analysis to determine if a
claimant is disabled, specifically whether the claimant is not currently working and has
a severe impairment; whether this impairment meets or equals a listed impairment; if
not, whether the impairment prevents the claimant from returning to his past relevant
work; and, if so, whether the impairment prevents the claimant from performing other
work in light of his age, education, and past work experience. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920
(1999). We conclude that Bailey’s mental retardation, coupled with his speech
disorder, meets listing 12.05C, which requires a “valid verbal, performance, or full
scale IQ of 60 through 70 and a physical or other mental impairment imposing
additional and significant work-related limitation of function.” See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404,
Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.05C (1999).
Bailey’s results from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R)
show he has a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) of 63, performance IQ of 68, and full
scale IQ of 64. We believe the ALJ erred in discrediting these scores. The WAIS-R
is accepted as a means of testing mental retardation. The clinical psychologist and
licensed psychological examiner who administered and interpreted the test, Dr. Samuel
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Hester and Mr. Larry Lawrence, were qualified to do so, and their report contains a
narrative description of their clinical findings. Consulting physician Dr. Kathryn Gale
reviewed and accepted Dr. Hester's and Mr. Lawrence’s findings, completed a
psychiatric review technique form, and noted Bailey had limitations in concentration,
following instructions, and social functioning. Mr. Bailey himself testified at the
hearing that he had been diagnosed with a learning disability, and told Dr. Hester and
Mr. Lawrence that he had taken special education classes in school. See 20 C.F.R. Pt.
404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.00D (1999) (results of WAIS may be useful in establishing
existence of mental retardation, WAIS should be administered and interpreted by
psychologist qualified by training and experience to perform such evaluation, and test
results should include objective data and narrative description of clinical findings).
Furthermore, Bailey’s daily activities and work history do not call into question the
validity of the IQ results. Bailey has never lived independently and is dependent upon
his wife and relatives to assist him. His daily activities were restricted to watching
television and visiting with friends. He indicated on reports that he had trouble keeping
jobs because he was not fast, and his work history was limited primarily to working for
his father. Cf. Clark v. Apfel, 141 F.3d 1253, 1255-56 (8th Cir. 1998) (ALJ properly
rejected IQ scores where scores were product of one meeting with non-treating
psychologist, scores were inconsistent with claimant’s unrestricted daily activities--
reading, writing, counting money, driving, cooking, cleaning, shopping, and taking care
of young child--and no medical records indicated she was mentally retarded prior to age
22).
In addition, Bailey’s speech disorder qualifies as a physical or other mental
impairment that imposes an additional and significant work-related limit. Bailey
indicated on disability reports that his former employer could not understand his
speech, and speech test results show that he has a severe articulation disorder
characterized by phonemic substitutions and omissions. Although the speech
pathologists indicated his speech was “intelligible,” they also indicated that it was
noticeably in error and that Bailey would benefit from therapy. This articulation
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disorder, combined with his inability to read and write, severely limits Bailey’s ability
to work generally and specifically to perform his past work, which requires speaking,
reading, and writing skills. See Dictionary of Occupational Titles § 740.684-022 &
App. C (4th ed. 1991) (painting skills); § 869.664-014 & App. C (construction skills);
see also Sird v. Chater, 105 F.3d 401, 403 (8th Cir. 1997) (work-related limiting
function need only be “more than slight or minimal,” and not severely disabling).
Because we conclude Bailey meets listing 12.05C, he is presumed to be disabled
and is entitled to benefits. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the District Court,
and remand the case with instructions to remand to the Commissioner for the payment
of benefits.
A true copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.
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