United States v. David Millard ( 2000 )

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 00-1511
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
*
v. * Appeal from the United States
* District Court for the Southern
David Dean Millard, * District of Iowa.
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: November 16, 2000.
Filed: December 28, 2000
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Before LOKEN, JOHN R. GIBSON, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit
Judges.
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MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.
David Millard was found guilty of conspiring to distribute methamphetamine,
see 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), § 846, and of using a communication facility to distribute
methamphetamine, see 21 U.S.C. § 843(b). He appealed his convictions to this court,
claiming that they were based on inadmissible evidence, and we affirmed. See United
States v. Millard, 139 F.3d 1200, 1206-07 (8th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 949(1998). Mr. Millard then moved for post-conviction relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255,
contending that his counsel was ineffective. The district court1 held a hearing and
denied the motion. We affirm.
For Mr. Millard to succeed he must show that his counsel's performance was
deficient and that the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. See Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Mr. Millard bases his claim for relief partly
on his counsel's failure to object at several points during trial. He maintains that his
counsel should have objected to the testimony of Doug Jackson and Craig Simmons
because the government learned of these witnesses only as a result of its plea
negotiations with Mr. Millard and thus their testimony was inadmissible under Fed. R.
Crim. P. 11(e)(6)(D). This rule, however, excludes only statements that a defendant
makes during negotiations and does not include the "fruit" of those statements. See
United States v. Ware, 890 F.2d 1008, 1012 (8th Cir. 1989); see also United States v.
Cusack, 827 F.2d 696, 697-98 (11th Cir. 1987) (per curiam). Because Messrs.
Jackson and Simmons were proper witnesses, any objection to their testimony would
have been overruled.
Mr. Millard also contends that his counsel should have objected to a federal
agent's testimony that described statements that Mr. Millard allegedly made during plea
negotiations, including one where, in response to an offer of a lesser state charge for
his wife in exchange for his acceptance of a life sentence, he replied, "Give me the state
charge. She can take the life charge." Mr. Millard's counsel further did not object
when the government told the jury about his prior drug convictions during its opening
statement. We have previously determined that it was error for the trial court to allow
Mr. Millard's statements into evidence and to permit the government to refer to Mr.
Millard's criminal history. See Millard, 139 F.3d at 1203-06.
1
The Honorable Charles R. Wolle, Chief United States District Judge for the
Southern District of Iowa.
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Mr. Millard maintains that the failure to object in both of these instances
constitutes deficient performance on the part of his attorney. We need not decide
whether counsel was deficient, however, because there was no prejudice to Mr. Millard
in any event. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697; see also Evans v. United States, 200
F.3d 549, 551 (8th Cir. 2000). We have previously held that the government's opening
statement and the admission of Mr. Millard's statements did not prejudice Mr. Millard.
See Millard, 139 F.3d at 1206-07. In that appeal, however, we reviewed for plain
error, which requires that the error "must have affected the outcome of the district court
proceedings," id. at 1203. Mr. Millard's burden to show prejudice here is slightly
lower, that is, he must demonstrate only that "there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different," Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
Our review of the record convinces us that even if Mr. Millard's previous
convictions and his statements to the federal agent had been excluded, the result of his
trial would have been the same. The government presented the jury with strong
evidence of Mr. Millard's guilt. Mr. Jackson testified that he had delivered several
large quantities of methamphetamine directly to Mr. Millard. Two other witnesses, Mr.
Simmons and Tim Krueger, testified that Mr. Millard had sold them methamphetamine.
Yet another witness testified that he had paid a third party for methamphetamine and
that Mr. Millard later called him to complain about the amount of the payment. A
search of Mr. Millard's house revealed over $10,000 in marked bills, given to him by
Mr. Krueger to make up the shortfall in payment about which Mr. Millard complained,
as well as several triple-beam scales that Mr. Krueger testified were given to Mr.
Millard to weigh methamphetamine.
In light of this evidence, Mr. Millard has not shown that there is a reasonable
probability that exclusion of the objectionable matter would have produced a different
result in his trial. We hold, therefore, that he was not prejudiced by the alleged
deficiencies in his counsel's performance.
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For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
A true copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.
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