AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc. v. Moore , 517 F.3d 987 ( 2008 )

517 F.3d 987 (2008)

AMERICREDIT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC., Movant-Appellant,
v.
Larry James MOORE, Tabitha Y. Moore, Debtors-Appellees, and
Joyce Babin, Trustee-Appellee.

No. 07-1315.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: November 16, 2007. Filed: February 5, 2008.

Stephen P. Hale, argued, Memphis, TN, Holly N. Knight, on the brief, Nashville, TN, for appellant.

Stephen W. Parker, argued, Hot Springs, AR, Robert Patt Pine, on the brief, Pine Bluff, AR, for appellee.

Joyce Bradley Babin, argued, Lonnie L. Grimes, on the brief, Little Rock, AR, for the Trustee.

Before WOLLMAN and BENTON, Circuit Judges, and DOTY,^[1] District Judge.

BENTON, Circuit Judge.

On August 26, 2005, Larry J. and Tabitha Y. Moore purchased a Cadillac financed by AmeriCredit. The Moores filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. They proposed to surrender their Cadillac (a 910-car), allowing AmeriCredit a general unsecured claim for any deficiency after its sale. The Trustee objected to confirmation, due to the deficiency claim. The Moores amended the plan, proposing to surrender the Cadillac in full satisfaction of the claim. AmeriCredit objected to confirmation of the amended plan, seeking full payment of the debt. The parties stipulated that AmeriCredit holds a properly perfected security interest in the Cadillac in the amount of $15,304.89, and that the estimated value of the car was $9,350.00 retail and $7,300.00 trade-in. The bankruptcy court overruled AmeriCredit's objection and confirmed the plan, reasoning: "If a 910-claim is fully secured under Section 1325(a)(5)(B)(ii) and bifurcation is prohibited, as the majority of courts have thus far held, there is no logic in saying that a 910-claim may still be bifurcated if the debtor chooses instead to surrender the collateral pursuant to section 1325(a)(5)(C)." AmeriCredit appeals. Having jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d)(2), this court reverses.

As the facts of this case are undisputed, this court reviews the bankruptcy court's legal conclusions de novo. See In re Zepecki, 277 F.3d 1041, 1045 (8th Cir. 2002)

The issue here, whether the "hanging paragraph"^[2] eliminates an under-secured creditor's deficiency claim when a Chapter 13 debtor proposes to surrender a 910-car, was decided today in Capital One Auto Finance v. Osborn, 515 F.3d 817 (8th Cir.2008). In Osborn, this court ruled that the hanging paragraph makes § 506(a) inapplicable to 910-claims. Osborn, 515 F.3d at 821. The 910-claim is still an "allowed secured claim" because it is secured under state law. Id. at 821. As nothing in 1325(a)(5)(C) states that a claim is considered paid in full when the debtor surrenders the vehicle, the creditor is entitled to an unsecured deficiency claim if there is a right to a deficiency judgment under state law. Id. at 822.

AmeriCredit contends that, since their claim is fully secured, they are entitled to full payment of the debt. AmeriCredit is not entitled to full payment of its claim however, because once it sells the vehicle, and applies the proceeds to the claim, the remaining claim is not secured under state law, it is unsecured. See In re Hoffman, 359 B.R. 163, 166 (Bankr.E.D.Mich.2006) ("[O]nce the secured creditor liquidates its collateral and applies the proceeds to the debt, any remaining debt is not secured by any existing collateral."). Therefore, the deficiency claim is a general unsecured claim. See Raleigh v. Ill. Dept. of Revenue, 530 U.S. 15, 20, 120 S. Ct. 1951, 147 L. Ed. 2d 13 (2000) ("Creditors' entitlements in bankruptcy arise in the first instance from the underlying substantive law creating the debtor's obligation."); In re Wright, 492 F.3d 829, 832-33 (7th Cir. 2007).

The security agreement between AmeriCredit and the Moores gives AmeriCredit the right to repossess and sell the vehicle in case of default. The contract further provides that "if the money from the sale is not enough to pay all you owe, you must pay the rest of what you owe plus interest." Arkansas law allows AmeriCredit a deficiency judgment. See First State Bank of Morrilton v. Hallett, 291 Ark. 37, 722 S.W.2d 555, 556 (1987); Ark. Code Ann. § 4-9-615(d)(2). Therefore, AmeriCredit is entitled to an unsecured deficiency claim in the amount of the difference between the debt owed at the time of filing and the amount received from liquidation (minus reasonable sales expenses).

The judgment of the bankruptcy court is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

NOTES

[1] The Honorable David S. Doty, United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota, sitting by designation.

[2] The "hanging paragraph" is a term used to describe the unnumbered paragraph in 11 U.S.C. § 1325, directly following § 1325(a)(9). This paragraph was added as a part of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005.