Jerry Wright v. First Student, Inc. ( 2013 )

United States Court of Appeals
For the Eighth Circuit
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No. 12-3210
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Jerry A. Wright
lllllllllllllllllllll Appellant
v.
First Student, Inc.
lllllllllllllllllllll Appellee
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Appeal from United States District Court
for the District of Minnesota - Minneapolis
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Submitted: December 20, 2012
Filed: March 25, 2013
[Published]
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Before MURPHY, ARNOLD, and MELLOY, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Jerry Wright appeals following the district court’s dismissal of his complaint,
filed in forma pauperis (IFP), for untimely service of process and failure to state a
claim. Because we conclude that the complaint states a claim, and because we cannot
determine from the present record whether the delay in service of process was
Mr. Wright’s fault, or was attributable to delays by district court staff and the United
States Marshals Service (USMS), we vacate the district court’s order and remand this
case for further proceedings.
Mr. Wright’s July 2011 pro se complaint claimed that First Student, Inc. (First
Student) fired him from his position as a bus driver based on his race, age, disability,
seniority rights, and eligibility for a pay raise. The magistrate judge granted
Mr. Wright IFP status on September 6, 2011, and ordered the USMS to effect service.
The district court docket sheet reflects no case activity for the next five months. The
docket sheet reflects that, on February 28, summons was issued as to First Student,
and the court sent a copy of the summons, complaint, and USM-285 form to the
USMS office. First Student was served on May 2.
First Student moved to dismiss for untimely service and failure to state a claim.
At a hearing on the motion, Mr. Wright explained that, after the district court referred
him to the court’s Pro Se Project in September 2011, his case became “tied up beyond
[his] control”; and that once he realized--in February 2012--that he would not receive
representation through the Project, he continued his unsuccessful attempts to obtain
counsel. The district court dismissed the case because (1) the complaint had not been
served for 280 days after its filing, Mr. Wright had not shown good cause for the
delay, and the court thus could not extend the time for service; and (2) the complaint
did not state a claim.
We review for abuse of discretion the district court’s determination that
Mr. Wright did not show good cause for untimely service of process. See Adams v.
Allied Signal Gen. Aviation Avionics, 74 F.3d 882, 887 (8th Cir. 1996). Under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m), if a plaintiff shows good cause for untimely
service, then the court must extend the period for service. See id.Because Mr. Wright was proceeding IFP, he was entitled to rely on service by
the USMS. See Rochon v. Dawson, 828 F.2d 1107, 1109-10 (5th Cir. 1987).
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Mr. Wright’s July 2011 complaint included the address at which First Student
ultimately was served. The court staff were obligated to prepare the summons and
provide it to the USMS, and the USMS was obligated to effect service. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(d) (when plaintiff proceeds IFP, officers of court shall issue and serve all
process, and perform all duties in such cases); Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3) (when plaintiff
proceeds IFP, district court must order that service be made by USMS or by person
specially appointed by court).
At the hearing on the motion to dismiss, the district court did not discuss
Mr. Wright’s IFP status, or what Mr. Wright should have done--but failed to do--to
cause process to be served. It therefore is unclear to us how Mr. Wright was
responsible for the delay in service. Under these circumstances, we cannot say
whether the district court abused its discretion in concluding that Mr. Wright had not
shown good cause for the untimely service: if the delay in service was the result of
a delay by court staff or the USMS in fulfilling their obligations, Mr. Wright’s
complaint should not have been dismissed under Rule 4(m). See Lindsey v. U.S.R.R.
Ret. Bd., 101 F.3d 444, 446 (5th Cir. 1996) (once IFP plaintiff has taken reasonable
steps to identify defendants, court must issue plaintiff’s process to USMS, who in
turn must effectuate service); cf. Moore v. Jackson, 123 F.3d 1082, 1085-86 (8th Cir.
1997) (per curiam) (where inmate’s complaint listed all defendants’ addresses, it was
improperly dismissed under Rule 4(m) for lack of timely service, as completing
waiver-of-service forms was component of “all process” and “all duties” required by
court officers, and was USMS’s responsibility); Walker v. Sumner, 14 F.3d 1415,
1422 (9th Cir. 1994) (where prisoner has furnished information necessary to identify
defendant, USMS’s failure to effect service is automatically good cause under
Rule 4(m)), abrogated on other grounds by Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995).
We cannot affirm the dismissal on the alternative ground given by the district
court--failure to state a claim--because we conclude that the complaint stated an
employment-discrimination claim: Mr. Wright alleged that First Student gave a non-
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credible reason for firing him and that the real reason was because he is African
American, disabled, and over age 55. In light of the liberal construction we afford
pro se complaints, see Stone v. Harry, 364 F.3d 912, 915 (8th Cir. 2004), these
allegations suffice, see Smith v. St. Bernards Reg’l Med. Ctr., 19 F.3d 1254, 1255
(8th Cir. 1994) (plaintiff’s allegations that hospital discharged her because of race,
in violation of Title VII, stated claim against hospital); cf. Ring v. First Interstate
Mortg., Inc., 984 F.2d 924, 926 (8th Cir. 1993) (prima facie case is evidentiary
standard, which is not proper measure of whether complaint fails to state claim).
Accordingly, we vacate the district court’s order, and we remand this matter to
the district court with instructions to conduct an additional hearing to determine
whether Mr. Wright showed good cause for his delay in serving defendants, in light
of his entitlement--as an IFP litigant--to rely on court staff and the USMS to issue
summons and effect service.
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