United States v. Jose Mena-Valdez ( 2021 )


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  •                   United States Court of Appeals
    For the Eighth Circuit
    ___________________________
    No. 21-1120
    ___________________________
    United States of America
    Plaintiff - Appellee
    v.
    Jose Mena-Valdez
    Defendant - Appellant
    ____________
    Appeal from United States District Court
    for the District of Nebraska - Omaha
    ____________
    Submitted: November 19, 2021
    Filed: December 17, 2021
    [Unpublished]
    ____________
    Before BENTON, KELLY, and ERICKSON, Circuit Judges.
    ____________
    PER CURIAM.
    A jury convicted Jose A. Mena-Valdez of possessing methamphetamine with
    intent to distribute, in violation of 
    21 U.S.C. § 841
    (a)(1) and (b)(1), and possessing
    a firearm in furtherance of drug trafficking, in violation of 
    18 U.S.C. § 924
    (c)(1)(A).
    The district court1 sentenced him to 60 months on both counts, to be served
    consecutively. He appeals the denial of his motion to suppress. Having jurisdiction
    under 
    28 U.S.C. § 1291
    , this court affirms.
    On October 30, 2018, Omaha police officers stopped Mena-Valdez for lack
    of license plates and failing to properly signal a turn. Officer James Holtmeyer
    approached the car. He “smelled a very strong odor of alcohol coming from the
    vehicle” and saw a red Solo cup in the center console. He asked Mena-Valdez to
    exit the car and seized the cup, which contained what he believed was rum and Coke.
    When asked, Mena-Valdez said he had been drinking “a little bit.” Officer
    Holtmeyer searched the car, finding a bag with 7.6 ounces of meth in the front
    passenger area. The officers arrested Mena-Valdez, finding a small amount of meth
    on him. After the car was impounded, officers found a handgun in it.
    Mena-Valdez moved to suppress the drugs and gun, arguing officers stopped
    his vehicle without probable cause or reasonable suspicion. At the hearing, he also
    argued that there was no probable cause to search the car. After the hearing, he
    conceded there was probable cause to stop the car to issue traffic citations. The
    magistrate judge found probable cause both to initiate the stop and to search the car.
    He appeals.
    This court reviews de novo the denial of a motion to suppress. United States
    v. Czichray, 
    378 F.3d 822
    , 825 (8th Cir. 2004). “Under the automobile exception to
    the warrant requirement, officers may conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle if
    they have probable cause to believe that the car contains contraband or other
    evidence.” United States v. Edwards, 
    891 F.3d 708
    , 712 (8th Cir. 2018). “Probable
    cause exists where there is a ‘fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime
    1
    The Honorable Joseph F. Bataillon, United States District Judge for the
    District of Nebraska, adopting the report and recommendation of the Honorable
    Michael D. Nelson, United States Magistrate Judge for the District of Nebraska.
    -2-
    will be found in a particular place.’” United States v. Donnelly, 
    475 F.3d 946
    , 954
    (8th Cir. 2007), quoting Illinois v. Gates, 
    462 U.S. 213
    , 238 (1983).
    During the traffic stop, Officer Holtmeyer smelled alcohol and found a red
    Solo cup filled with it, in violation of Nebraska Revised Statute § 60-6211.08. See
    
    Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6
    , 211.08(2) (making it “unlawful for any person in the
    passenger area of a motor vehicle to possess an open alcoholic beverage container
    while the motor vehicle is located in a public parking area or on any highway in this
    state”). Mena-Valdez also admitted drinking. He believes these circumstances
    justified an arrest, not a search. This belief has no merit. Officer Holtmeyer had
    probable cause to search the car for evidence related to the open container violation.
    See United States v. McCoy, 
    200 F.3d 582
    , 584 (8th Cir. 2000) (holding an officer
    had probable cause to search a car for marijuana after smelling it in the car); United
    States v. Neumann, 
    183 F.3d 753
    , 756 (8th Cir. 1999) (holding probable cause
    existed to search car for an open container where officer smelled alcohol on
    defendant’s breath). See also United States v. Ross, 
    456 U.S. 798
    , 825 (1982) (“If
    probable cause justifies the search of a lawfully stopped vehicle, it justifies the
    search of every part of the vehicle and its contents that may conceal the object of the
    search.”). The district court did not err in denying the motion to suppress.
    *******
    The judgment is affirmed.
    ______________________________
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