United States v. James Lynn Holt ( 2005 )

United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 04-3252
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the
* Northern District of Iowa.
James Lynn Holt, * [UNPUBLISHED]
*
Appellant. *
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Submitted: April 11, 2005
Filed: May 11, 2005
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Before WOLLMAN, BEAM, and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
James Lynn Holt pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute and
possess with intent to distribute cocaine base in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846,
841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(B), and was sentenced to 120 months’ (later reduced to 84
months) imprisonment and 5 years of supervised release. Holt has repeatedly violated
the terms of his supervised release: the first time, the district court ordered him to
serve 30 days in prison; the second time, he received 14 months’ imprisonment1; the
third time, the district court imposed a 36-month sentence. Holt appeals from the 36-
1
Holt appealed and we affirmed the 14-month sentence. United States v. Holt,
74 Fed. Appx. 683 (8th Cir. 2003) (per curiam) (unpublished).
month revocation sentence, arguing that the district court2 failed to adequately
consider the sentencing factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) and the policy statements
found in the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (U.S.S.G.) § 7B1.4. We
affirm.
At the third revocation hearing, Holt admitted that he had violated the terms of
his supervised release by using cocaine, consuming alcohol, failing to appear for three
urine screens, and failing to comply with a substance abuse treatment program.3 The
district court noted these violations, together with the fact that Holt had declined
substance abuse treatment during his prior 14-month revocation sentence, and
concluded that a longer term of imprisonment—36 months—was necessary because
Holt was unlikely to complete drug treatment if he did not do so while imprisoned.
The district court may revoke a term of supervised release if it “finds by a
preponderance of the evidence that the defendant violated a condition of supervised
release” and may “require the defendant to serve in prison all or part of the term of
supervised release authorized by statute” for the original offense. 18 U.S.C. §
3583(e)(3). If a sentence is imposed “within the bounds of 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e),” we
will not disturb it absent an abuse of discretion. United States v. Holmes, 283 F.3d
966, 968 (8th Cir. 2002). The 36-month sentence given to Holt was within the
statutory limit because it, plus the 15 months that Holt had already served for the two
prior revocations of his supervised release, did not exceed the maximum sentence of
2
The Honorable Linda R. Reade, United States District Judge for the Northern
District of Iowa.
3
Holt stated that he did not believe the program was the right kind of program
for him and left after four days. He sought out a different program through the
Veterans Administration that he believed would better suit his needs and asked the
court to allow him to complete that program instead. The district court concluded that
he was merely seeking to justify his behavior by criticizing drug treatment programs
instead of buckling down and completing one.
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60 months authorized pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3) for an underlying Class A
felony offense. See United States v. Palmer, 380 F.3d 395, 398-99 (8th Cir. 2004) (en
banc) (stating that the term of supervised release authorized in 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b)
“minus the aggregate amount of any revocation terms of imprisonment” is the
statutory maximum revocation term of imprisonment that may be imposed).
Although the 36-month sentence exceeded the 5-11 month sentence
recommended in Chapter 7 of the Guidelines, U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4, that section sets forth
only non-binding policy statements and sentencing recommendations.4 U.S.S.G. Ch.
7, Pt. A(3)(a). The district court must consider the policy statements, but has
discretion to determine that a sentence outside of the suggested range is warranted
due to such considerations as the seriousness of the violations, see United States v.
Jasper, 338 F.3d 865, 867 (8th Cir. 2003), the defendant’s repeated failures to comply
with the terms of release, or his need for intensive drug treatment. See United States
v. Shaw, 180 F.3d 920, 923 (8th Cir. 1999) (per curiam). The district court does not
need to make detailed findings to justify such a departure. Jasper, 338 F.3d at 868.
The length of the term of imprisonment upon revocation of supervised release must
be within the statutory limit in 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3), and there must be some
evidence that the district court considered the relevant factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
Jasper, 338 F.3d at 867. The court is not required, however, to mechanically list
every factor. See United States v. Hawkins, 375 F.3d 750, 752 (8th Cir. 2004).
We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by imposing a
36-month sentence. The court stated that it had “taken into consideration all the
4
This section in the guidelines has always been advisory and remains unaltered
by the Supreme Court’s recent ruling in United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738(2005). The Sentencing Commission intended to provide the district courts with
greater flexibility in addressing violations of probation and supervised release than
in sentencing generally. See U.S.S.G. Ch. 7, Pt. A(3)(a); United States v. White Face,
383 F.3d 733, 735 (8th Cir. 2004).
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factors set forth in [18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)],” and specifically addressed several factors
throughout the revocation hearing. It noted the recommended term of imprisonment
in U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(4)(B), considered the “history and
characteristics of the defendant,” 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1), and detailed its purpose in
imposing a longer sentence, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2). The district court concluded that
Holt’s past behavior indicated that he was “underestimating the seriousness of his
substance abuse problem” and had “little interest in effectively overcoming his
problem.” Because it doubted that Holt would complete a community program, it
chose “a long enough sentence back in the Bureau of Prisons that if [Holt] really
wants to, he can seek drug treatment in a secured facility, and hopefully, once and for
all, decide that he doesn’t want to continue this life-style.”
The sentence is affirmed.
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