United States v. Maxwell Podgorski ( 2020 )

United States Court of Appeals
For the Eighth Circuit
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No. 20-1127
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United States of America
Plaintiff - Appellee
v.
Maxwell J. Podgorski
Defendant - Appellant
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Appeal from United States District Court
for the District of Nebraska - Omaha
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Submitted: November 16, 2020
Filed: December 11, 2020
[Unpublished]
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Before BENTON, ERICKSON, and GRASZ, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Maxwell James Podgorski pled guilty, without a plea agreement, to
possession with intent to distribute cocaine and marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1). The district court 1 sentenced him below the guidelines
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The Honorable Brian C. Buescher, United States District Judge for the
District of Nebraska.
to 15 months in prison. He appeals. Having jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291,
this court affirms.
Podgorski believes the district court erred in holding him responsible for
possession of cocaine. Specifically, he argues the court erred by “relying solely on
statements of a probation officer to make a factual finding that was at issue in the
case.” This court reviews for clear error. State v. Smith, 49 F.3d 362, 365 (8th Cir.
1995).
At his plea hearing, Podgorski acknowledged his guilt only as to possession
of marijuana. Although he admitted that officers found cocaine in his car, he denied
“knowingly or intentionally possessing” it. The presentence investigation report
concluded he possessed both marijuana and cocaine. The court overruled
Podgorski’s objection to this finding.
At sentencing, the government offered no additional evidence that Podgorski
possessed cocaine with the intent to distribute it. However, the district court found
that because Podgorski admitted there was cocaine in his car, “the issue of whether
he should be found responsible for it under the guidelines is a legal,” not factual
question. Podgorski argued the government could not “prove what he knew at the
time when the drugs were put in the car.”
“Once a defendant objects to the presentence report, the Court must either
make a finding as to whether the disputed fact exists or state that it will not take the
disputed fact into account. If it chooses to make a finding with respect to the
disputed fact, it must do so on the basis of evidence, and the presentence report and
statements of counsel are not evidence.” United States v. Hammer, 3 F.3d 266, 273
(8th Cir. 1993). Here, there were no relevant disputed facts. Podgorski admitted he
had cocaine in his car and did not challenge the amount. Rather, he asserted only
that he had no knowledge of the cocaine and did not agree to transport it.
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The district court did not err in considering Podgorski’s possession of cocaine
as a relevant sentencing factor because he admitted the cocaine was in his car. In
United States v. Strange, this court held that a defendant who arranged for a shipment
of marijuana also was responsible for a shipment of cocaine even though he was
unaware of it. See United States v. Strange, 102 F.3d 356, 358-361 (8th Cir. 1996).
Like the defendant in Strange, Podgorski “embarked upon this behavior with the
requisite criminal intent and with every expectation of receiving some type of illegal
drug to distribute” and is accordingly “accountable at sentencing for the full quantity
of all illegal drugs located within” his car. Id. at 361 (“While we recognize full well
that this could, in some cases, result in what might appear to be disproportionate
sentences, it is certainly within the province of Congress to resolve that there is some
deterrent value in exposing a drug trafficker to liability for the full consequences,
both expected and unexpected, of his own unlawful behavior.”). See United States
v. Rodriguez-Ochoa, 169 F.3d 529, 530 (8th Cir. 1999) (holding irrelevant the
defendants’ belief that they were transporting marijuana rather than cocaine because
under 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) the “nature of the controlled substance becomes
relevant only as a sentencing factor”). See also U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3 cmt. n.4(A)(i)
(noting that a defendant who “transports a suitcase knowing that it contains a
controlled substance” can be held responsible for possession of controlled
substances “regardless of his knowledge or lack of knowledge of the actual type or
amount of that controlled substance”).
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The judgment is affirmed.
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