Sudmy Trinidad-Alvarado v. William P. Barr ( 2020 )


Menu:
  •                  United States Court of Appeals
    For the Eighth Circuit
    ___________________________
    No. 20-1462
    ___________________________
    Sudmy Trinidad-Alvarado,
    Petitioner
    v.
    William P. Barr, United States Attorney General,
    Respondent
    ____________
    Appeal from the Board of Immigration Appeals
    ____________
    Submitted: November 19, 2020
    Filed: December 7, 2020
    [Unpublished]
    ____________
    Before BENTON, ERICKSON and GRASZ, Circuit Judges.
    ____________
    PER CURIAM.
    An Immigration Judge denied asylum, withholding of removal, and relief
    under the Convention Against Torture to Sudmy Yanath Trinidad-Alvarado. The
    Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed the IJ, dismissing the appeal. Having
    jurisdiction under 
    8 U.S.C. § 1252
    (b)(4), this court denies the petition for review.
    “We review administrative findings of fact, including credibility
    determinations, under the substantial-evidence standard.” Garcia v. Barr, 
    954 F.3d 1095
    , 1097 (8th Cir. 2020). “Under the substantial-evidence standard, we will
    affirm findings of fact unless ‘any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to
    conclude to the contrary.’” 
    Id.,
     citing 
    8 U.S.C. § 1252
    (b)(4)(B). “We will uphold
    the denial of asylum and withholding of removal if the decision is supported by
    substantial evidence in the record.” Prieto-Pineda v. Barr, 
    960 F.3d 516
    , 519 (8th
    Cir. 2020). “Only the BIA order is subject to our review, including the IJ’s findings
    and reasoning to the extent they were expressly adopted by the BIA.” Njong v.
    Whitaker, 
    911 F.3d 919
    , 922 (8th Cir. 2018).
    Trinidad-Alvarado argues she is eligible for asylum, withholding of removal,
    or CAT relief because members of M-18 Gang killed her father and may target her.
    Trinidad-Alvarado’s father died in 2010 while working security at a market in
    Guatemala. Two M-18 members were arrested. She did not return to the market for
    six years. When she did return, two M-18 members followed her and called out for
    her to “stop.” She ran to a bus, called in a police report, left town, but did not follow
    up on the report. She had no further contact with members of M-18 and left
    Guatemala a month later. She fears M-18 will target her because they killed her
    father.
    “Asylum may be granted, in relevant part, upon a showing of a well-founded
    fear of persecution on account of . . . membership in a particular social group, or
    political opinion, in the alien’s country of origin.” Prieto-Pineda, 960 F.3d at 520
    (quotation omitted). “[I]n order to meet the requirements for persecution, the harm
    must be inflicted either by the government of a country or by persons or an
    organization that the government was unable or unwilling to control.” Id. This court
    has previously rejected asylum claims founded on speculative links between M-18
    and family members. Id.
    Prieto-Pineda controls this case. On appeal, Trinidad-Alvarado does not
    attack the IJ’s finding on past persecution, only the BIA’s standard of review.
    -2-
    Trinidad-Alvarado argues the BIA erred by failing to review the IJ’s past persecution
    conclusion de novo. While the BIA’s order is not a model of clarity, there is no basis
    to conclude the BIA did not apply de novo review to the past persecution conclusion
    of the IJ. See generally Lemus-Arita v. Sessions, 
    854 F.3d 476
    , 480-81 (8th Cir.
    2017) (rejecting an argument the BIA applied the clear error standard even though a
    “strained interpretation” might indicate otherwise).
    Thus, to qualify for asylum she must prove her fear of persecution is well-
    founded and connected to her membership in a particular social group. The IJ found
    her fear too speculative and disconnected from a cognizable social group. Trinidad-
    Alvarado’s claim that M-18 members told her to “stop” does not establish M-18
    targeted her because of her family. Malonga v. Holder, 
    621 F.3d 757
    , 765 (8th Cir.
    2010) (“[E]vidence of isolated violence does not compel a finding of persecution.”).
    The IJ did not err in rejecting Trinidad-Alvarado’s claim.
    “[A] petitioner must show more than government difficulty controlling private
    behavior to meet the ‘unwilling or unable’ standard.” Prieto-Pineda, 960 F.3d at
    521. “[E]vidence that the police have difficulty controlling gangs . . . generally . . .
    does not demonstrate the government is unwilling or unable to protect [an
    applicant].” Id. “A government's ability to control the persecutors is a question of
    fact, and we must uphold the agency's finding regarding this question of fact ‘unless
    any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.’”
    Galloso v. Barr, 
    954 F.3d 1189
    , 1192 (8th Cir. 2020), citing 
    8 U.S.C. § 1252
    (b)(4).
    Trinidad-Alvarado could not show the government was unwilling or unable
    to control M-18. Although Guatemala may partially fail to control M-18, Trinidad-
    Alvarado must show the government acquiesced in M-18’s persecution of her family
    to qualify for asylum. See Galloso, 954 F.3d at 1193. No facts in the record support
    that claim.
    A noncitizen is entitled to CAT relief if they establish “it is more likely than
    not that he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.”
    -3-
    
    8 C.F.R. § 1208.16
    (c)(2). “When a petitioner’s asylum and withholding claims are
    denied, a separate CAT analysis is required only where the applicant presents
    evidence that he may be tortured for reasons unrelated to his claims for asylum and
    withholding of removal.” Prieto-Pineda, 960 F.3d at 522 (quotation omitted).
    Trinidad-Alvarado did not show it was more likely than not that she would be
    tortured. Trinidad-Alvarado’s claim that M-18 may recognize and target her does
    not establish she is more likely than not to be killed if she returns to Guatemala. That
    inference is too speculative. The IJ properly denied Trinidad-Alvarado CAT relief.
    *******
    The petition for review is denied.
    ______________________________
    -4-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 20-1462

Filed Date: 12/7/2020

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 12/7/2020