United States v. Martin Navarrete-Carrillo ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 30 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 19-50357
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No.
5:18-cr-00333-JGB-1
v.
MARTIN NAVARRETE-CARRILLO, MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Jesus G. Bernal, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted April 15, 2021**
Pasadena, California
Before: PAEZ and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges, and GLEASON,*** District Judge.
Martin Navarrete-Carrillo appeals the district court’s imposition of a 48-
month sentence. As the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Sharon L. Gleason, United States District Judge for the
District of Alaska, sitting by designation.
here. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Navarrete first contends that the district court erred by applying a ten-level
sentencing enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(3)(A) when, he asserts,
there was not clear and convincing evidence of the date of the criminal conduct
underlying his Idaho state conviction. Because this issue was unpreserved, we
review for plain error. United States v. Jackson, 697 F.3d 1141, 1144 (9th Cir. 2012)
(per curiam); United States v. Jordan, 256 F.3d 922, 926 (9th Cir. 2001).
The clear and convincing standard of proof applied to the date of the criminal
conduct. The ten-level enhancement had an extremely disproportionate effect on the
sentence because it nearly tripled the applicable Guidelines range. See United States
v. Valle, 940 F.3d 473, 479–80 (9th Cir. 2019). It is unclear what standard of proof
the district court applied to the fact underlying the ten-level enhancement, but a
defendant “is not entitled to reversal, however, simply because the district court
should have applied the clear and convincing standard.” United States v. Gonzalez,
492 F.3d 1031, 1040 (9th Cir. 2007). A defendant must show that on the record
before the district court the “enhancement[] could not have been proved by clear
and convincing evidence.” Id. (emphasis in original) (quoting Jordan, 256 F.3d at
930).
Here, clear and convincing evidence of the date of the Idaho criminal conduct
was presented to the district court. The Idaho judgment stated that the criminal
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conduct occurred on or about March 23, 2001. There was no evidence before the
district court that the conduct occurred on any other date and, at his change of plea
in his federal case, Navarrete agreed that the government could prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that he sustained the Idaho conviction.1 Because the outcome here
would not be altered had the district court expressly applied the clear and convincing
standard, the district court did not commit plain error when it applied the
enhancement.
Navarrete next asserts that the district court erred when it did not grant his two
requested downward departures. “A district court’s refusal to grant a downward
departure is discretionary and free from appellate review.” United States v. Romero,
293 F.3d 1120, 1126 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing United States v. Duran-Orozco, 192 F.3d
1277, 1283 (9th Cir. 1999)). Instead, a district court’s decisions not to depart
downward are considered in the overall context of the reasonableness of the
sentence. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 (2007).
Navarrete maintains that his 48-month sentence was substantively
unreasonable. “Because a Guidelines sentence will usually be reasonable, [a] below-
Guidelines sentence, supported by the district court’s specific reasoning, is
reasonable.” United States v. Bendtzen, 542 F.3d 722, 729 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal
1
The government’s motion at Docket 23 for judicial notice of Idaho state
court documents is denied.
3
quotation marks and citation omitted). Navarrete’s 48-month sentence falls below
the Guidelines range of 57 to 71 months, and the district court sufficiently explained
its consideration of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors and its reasons for imposing the
sentence. Considering the totality of the circumstances and giving due deference to
the district court, see United States v. Jenkins, 633 F.3d 788, 809 (9th Cir. 2011),
Navarrete’s 48-month sentence was substantively reasonable.
AFFIRMED.
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