George Pfau v. Greg Mortenson , 542 F. App'x 557 ( 2013 )

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION OCT 09 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
GEORGE PFAU; SUSIE PFAU; DAN No. 12-35400
DONOVAN, individually and on behalf of
all others similarly situated, D.C. No. 9:11-cv-00072-SEH
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
MEMORANDUM*
v.
GREG MORTENSON; CENTRAL ASIA
INSTITUTE, a corporation; PENGUIN
GROUP (USA), INC.; DAVID OLIVER
RELIN; MC CONSULTING, INC.,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Montana
Sam E. Haddon, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted October 7, 2013**
Portland, Oregon
Before: SILVERMAN, W. FLETCHER, and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Plaintiffs George Pfau, Susie Pfau, and Dan Donovan appeal from the
district court’s dismissal with prejudice of their Fourth Amended Complaint. We
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.
We review de novo dismissals pursuant to Rules 9(b) and 12(b)(6) of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., 317 F.3d 1097, 1102
(9th Cir. 2003). We review a denial of permanent injunctive relief for abuse of
discretion. Gentala v. City of Tucson, 213 F.3d 1055, 1060 (9th Cir. 2000). We
review a district court’s dismissal of a complaint with prejudice for abuse of
discretion. Okwu v. McKim, 682 F.3d 841, 844 (9th Cir. 2012).
The district court properly dismissed the complaint. Plaintiffs’ conclusory
statements and minimal factual allegations do not satisfy Rule 9(b)’s requirement
that fraud claims be pleaded with particularity. See Vess, 317 F.3d at 1106.
Plaintiffs’ fraud-based RICO claims do not adequately plead the required
elements. See Grimmett v. Brown, 75 F.3d 506, 510 (9th Cir. 1996) (citing
Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., Inc., 473 U.S. 479, 496 (1985)). Plaintiffs fail to
allege that the purported misrepresentations caused their injuries. They also fail to
specify with the requisite particularity Defendants’ individual roles in the alleged
racketeering scheme, see Lancaster Cmty. Hosp. V. Antelope Valley Hosp. Dist.,
940 F.2d 397, 405 (9th Cir. 1991), to plead an enterprise theory, or to properly
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plead the predicate acts of mail or wire fraud.
Plaintiffs’ fraud and deceit claims fail to state more than conclusory
allegations. The breach-of-contract and breach-of-implied-contract claims fail
because Plaintiffs have not adequately alleged all the elements of a valid contract
under Montana law. See Mont. Code Ann §§ 28-2-102, 28-2-103, 28-3-103.
Because of the defects in the RICO and common-law fraud, deceit, and
contract claims, the district court was also correct to dismiss Plaintiffs’ claims for
unjust enrichment, injunctive relief, an accounting, class status, punitive damages,
and damages against Penguin on a theory of principal liability.
Finally, the district court acted within its discretion in dismissing the
complaint and denying leave to amend. Plaintiffs have already had multiple
opportunities to amend, even after the defects in the pleadings were identified in
extensive briefing on motions to amend and dismiss the Third Amended
Complaint.
AFFIRMED.
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