Yellowstone Womens First Step v. City of Costa Mesa ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS SEP 8 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
YELLOWSTONE WOMENS FIRST STEP No. 19-56410
HOUSE, INC.; et al.,
D.C. No.
Plaintiffs-Appellants, 8:14-cv-01852-JVS-JDE
v.
MEMORANDUM*
CITY OF COSTA MESA,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
James V. Selna, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted July 26, 2021
San Francisco, California
Before: McKEOWN and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and LAMBERTH,** District
Judge.
Yellowstone Women’s First Step House, Inc. (“Yellowstone”), California
Women’s Recovery, Inc. (“Lynn House”), and Sober Living Network, Inc.
(“SLN”) appeal the district court’s entry of final judgment in favor of the City of
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable Royce C. Lamberth, United States District Judge for
the District of Columbia, sitting by designation.
Costa Mesa (the “City”) on all claims after a roughly two-week jury trial. They
argue that the district court committed several errors before, during, and after trial.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
1. Appellants disclaimed asserting a facial discrimination claim against
Ordinance 14-13 on multiple occasions and thus effectively abandoned this claim.
See Walsh v. Nevada Dep’t of Hum. Res., 471 F.3d 1033, 1037 (9th Cir. 2006).
Because Appellants have abandoned this claim, they cannot raise it—or issues
related to it—on appeal. See id.; see also Somers v. Apple, Inc., 729 F.3d 953,
960–61 (9th Cir. 2013). For this reason, we decline to review the district court’s
grant of the City’s motion to dismiss the second amended complaint, its denial of
Lynn House and SLN’s motion for partial summary judgment, and its denial of
SLN’s motion for partial summary judgment with respect to its reasonable
accommodation claim, which is a repackaged facial discrimination claim.1
2. The district court did not err in denying SLN’s motion for partial
summary judgment on its claim based on Ordinance 17-05 due to lack of notice.
Appellants’ complaint did not put the City on notice that they sought to assert a
1
To the extent SLN’s reasonable accommodation claim can be construed as an as-
applied challenge focusing on “discrete instances” in which “specific
individualized accommodations” were denied, we agree with the district court that
the City lacked proper notice of any allegations related to these specific
applications for reasonable accommodations. Cf. Payan v. Los Angeles Cmty.
Coll. Dist., No. 19-56111, 2021 WL 3730692, at *9 (9th Cir. Aug. 24, 2021).
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facial challenge to Ordinance 17-05’s special use permit provisions, nor did they
make their intention to do so known during discovery. See Coleman v. Quaker
Oats Co., 232 F.3d 1271, 1294 (9th Cir. 2000). The district court’s decision not to
consider new assertions raised on summary judgment was not an abuse of
discretion under the circumstances. Even if the new assertions were construed as a
request for leave to amend, the factors courts take into account to assess the
propriety of granting such leave would not have counseled in favor of granting
leave here. Cf. Desertrain v. City of Los Angeles, 754 F.3d 1147, 1154–55
(9th Cir. 2014).
3. The district court did not commit any instructional or evidentiary
errors at trial. But even if the claimed errors were made, Appellants were not
harmed or prejudiced by them. See Hunter v. Cnty. of Sacramento, 652 F.3d 1225,
1232 (9th Cir. 2011); Wagner v. Cnty. of Maricopa, 747 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir.
2013). The district court also did not abuse its discretion in refusing to order
separate trials. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 42(b); Hangarter v. Provident Life & Acc. Ins.
Co., 373 F.3d 998, 1021 (9th Cir. 2004).
4. The district court did not err in denying Yellowstone’s motion for
entry of judgment on its California Government Code § 65008 claim. The district
court concluded that Yellowstone did not meet its burden of proving that the City
discriminated against Boston House because of disability, and this finding of fact
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was neither clearly erroneous nor was it predicated on legal or factual error. See
Kohler v. Presidio Int’l, Inc., 782 F.3d 1064, 1068 (9th Cir. 2015); see also
Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 573 (1985) (“[A] finding of
intentional discrimination is a finding of fact . . . .”).
5. The district court did not err in denying Lynn House and SLN’s
renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law on their disparate impact and
disparate treatment claims. In reviewing the district court’s denial of a renewed
motion for judgment as a matter of law under Rule 50(b) of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure, we must “view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party . . . and draw all reasonable inferences in that party’s favor.”
EEOC v. Go Daddy Software, Inc., 581 F.3d 951, 961 (9th Cir. 2009) (alteration in
original) (quoting Josephs v. Pac. Bell, 443 F.3d 1050, 1062 (9th Cir. 2006)).
A reasonable jury could conclude that the substantial, legitimate,
nondiscriminatory interests supporting Ordinance 14-13 would not be served by
another practice that has a less discriminatory effect. See Texas Dep’t of Hous. &
Cmty. Affs. v. Inclusive Cmtys. Project, Inc., 576 U.S. 519, 533 (2015). A
reasonable jury could also conclude that passage of Ordinance 14-13 was not more
likely than not motivated by a discriminatory reason. See Pac. Shores Properties,
LLC v. City of Newport Beach, 730 F.3d 1142, 1158 (9th Cir. 2013). Thus, under
the substantial evidence standard, there was adequate evidence to support the
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jury’s verdict that Lynn House and SLN failed to establish their disparate impact
and disparate treatment claims by a preponderance of the evidence. See Go Daddy,
581 F.3d at 963.
6. Because of timing, the district court did not have the benefit of our
recent decision in Green v. Mercy Housing, Inc., 991 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2021),
when it affirmed costs against Appellants. Under Green, a plaintiff bringing suit
under the Fair Housing Act—as well as under the Americans with Disabilities Act,
see id. at 1057—“should not be assessed fees or costs unless the court determines
that his claim is ‘frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless.’” Id. at 1058 (quoting
Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 422 (1978)). We thus vacate
the costs award and remand for the district court to review the Clerk’s award of
costs against Appellants in light of Green.
AFFIRMED in part, VACATED in part, and REMANDED.2 Each
party shall pay its own costs on appeal.
2
We deny the motion for leave to file an amici curiae brief of League of California
Cities and California State Association of Counties (Dkt. No. 61) and grant the
parties’ motions to take judicial notice (Dkt. Nos. 26, 50).
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