Sam Lee v. United States ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS SEP 21 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
SAM LEE, No. 20-16722
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No.
2:20-cv-00498-JCM-BNW
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; MEMORANDUM*
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EX REL
UNITED STATES EQUAL
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
COMMISSION,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Nevada
James C. Mahan, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 12, 2021**
San Francisco, California
Before: SILER,*** CHRISTEN, and FORREST, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Eugene E. Siler, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
Sam Lee did not file his employment discrimination lawsuit in time. Under
Title VII, a plaintiff must file suit within 90 days of receiving his right-to-sue letter
from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). See 42 U.S.C. §
2000(e)-5(f)(1). Lee received his letter in October and did not file suit until the
following February. But before he filed his untimely suit, the EEOC issued a
second right-to-sue letter (upon his request), which claimed to restart the deadline.
It did not. As a result, Lee alleges he incurred expenses pursuing a claim he would
not have otherwise pursued. And he now sues the United States for negligence,
breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, declaratory relief, and
negligent supervision.
The district court dismissed his case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. It
found that the EEOC was acting under a regulation and thus sovereign immunity
was not waived under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). We have jurisdiction
under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and review the dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(1) de novo. Davidson v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 889 F.3d 956, 963
(9th Cir. 2018). We may affirm on any basis supported by the record, “even if the
district court relied on the wrong grounds or wrong reasoning.” Muniz v. United
Parcel Serv., Inc., 738 F.3d 214, 219 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Cigna Prop. & Cas.
Ins. Co. v. Polaris Pictures Corp., 159 F.3d 412, 418 (9th Cir. 1998)). Because the
2
FTCA does not provide us any jurisdiction over misrepresentation claims, we
affirm.
Lee relies on the FTCA as the jurisdictional basis for each of his claims. The
FTCA, however, is a limited waiver of the United States’s sovereign
immunity. And under the FTCA, the United States is immune from “[a]ny claim
arising out of . . . misrepresentation,” 28 U.S.C. 2680(h), including both negligent
and willful misrepresentation, United States v. Neustadt, 366 U.S. 696, 702
(1961). To determine whether a claim is one for misrepresentation, we must look
through to the substance of the allegations. See Mt. Homes, Inc. v. United States,
912 F.2d 352, 355 (9th Cir. 1990). Here, each of Lee’s claims hinges on two
essential facts: (1) the second right-to-sue letter purported to restart the filing
deadline; and, (2) it did not restart the deadline. In other words, Lee’s alleged
injuries “are entirely the result of allegedly inaccurate information provided by the
[EEOC.]”1 Pauly v. U.S. Dep’t of Agric., 348 F.3d 1143, 1151 (9th Cir. 2003). And
those types of “tort claims are barred by section 2680(h).” Id.; see also Mt. Homes,
Inc., 912 F.2d at 356.
AFFIRMED.
1
Because Lee’s negligent supervision claim hinges on the same underlying tort, it fails for the
same reason.
3