Gerald Ross Pizzuto, Jr. v. Arvon J. Arave, Warden , 432 F.3d 1028 ( 2005 )

432 F.3d 1028

Gerald Ross PIZZUTO, Jr., Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
Arvon J. ARAVE, Warden, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 97-99017.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

December 28, 2005.

Joan M. Fisher, Esq., Bruce D. Livingston, Esq., Federal Public Defender, Moscow, ID, for Petitioner-Appellant.

Robert H. Gombiner, Esq., Federal Public Defender's Office Western District of Washington, Seattle, WA, Michael A. Henderson, AAG, Kenneth Robins, L. Lamont Anderson, Esq., Office of Attorney General, Boise, ID, for Respondent-Appellee.

Before B. FLETCHER, RYMER, and GOULD, Circuit Judges.

ORDER

1

Petitioner's motion to stay the mandate pending state court proceedings is DENIED.

2

B. FLETCHER, Circuit Judge, specially concurring.

3

I concur that petitioner's motion to stay the mandate may be denied. I write separately to emphasize that this result is not mandated by Bell v. Thompson, ___ U.S. ___, 125 S. Ct. 2825, 162 L. Ed. 2d 693 (2005), as respondent claims. In Bell, the Supreme Court scolded the Sixth Circuit for delay in issuing the mandate after denial of certiorari, but Bell is factually distinguishable from our case. In Bell, the Sixth Circuit issued an amended opinion some seven months after the Supreme Court had denied certiorari. Id. at 2830. The amended decision was a surprise to the state, which had requested and been granted an execution date on the assumption that federal habeas proceedings had terminated with the denial of certiorari. Id. Instead of delineating the scope of the Sixth Circuit's discretion to continue to hold the mandate after the denial of certiorari, the Court held that holding the mandate was an abuse of discretion, because the Court of Appeals had failed to provide the parties with notice that it was reconsidering its decision. The decision leaves open the question of whether Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure limits the discretion of the Court of Appeals to hold a mandate after denial of certiorari more stringently than does an abuse-of-discretion standard. Nonetheless, I concur that, although in my view preferable, the present circumstances do not require a stay of the mandate while petitioner litigates his Atkins claim in state court.

4

The current proceedings in state court concern petitioner's claim that his mental retardation precludes the imposition of a death sentence or execution under Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S. Ct. 2242, 153 L. Ed. 2d 335 (2002). Atkins held that the execution of the mentally retarded is "excessive" under the Eighth Amendment, and that "the Constitution ``places a substantive restriction on the State's power to take the life' of a mentally retarded offender." Id. at 321, 122 S. Ct. 2242 (quoting Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399, 405, 106 S. Ct. 2595, 91 L. Ed. 2d 335 (1986)). The record reflects that Pizzuto's IQ is 72. Atkins notes that an "IQ between 70 and 75 or lower . . . is typically considered the cutoff IQ score for the intellectual function prong of the mental retardation definition." Id. at 309 n. 5, 122 S. Ct. 2242. Atkins is retroactive on collateral review. See Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302, 330, 109 S. Ct. 2934, 106 L. Ed. 2d 256 (1989) (a holding that "the Eighth Amendment prohibits the execution of mentally retarded persons such as Penry . . . would fall under the first exception to the general rule of nonretroactivity and would be applicable to defendants on collateral review"). Assertion of this defense was unavailable to Pizzuto until 2002. Our denial of stay does not interfere with the ongoing state proceedings, nor will it preclude application to this court by Pizzuto for permission to file a second or successive 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for review of an adverse ruling by the state court on this issue.