Douglas Escobar Mazariegos v. Merrick Garland ( 2023 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 9 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DOUGLAS ESCOBAR MAZARIEGOS, No. 20-72948
AKA Bulmaro Salazar Lopez,
Agency No. A200-700-008
Petitioner,
v. MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted February 7, 2023**
Phoenix, Arizona
Before: HAWKINS, GRABER, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Douglas Escobar Mazariegos, a native and citizen of Guatemala,
petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision
affirming an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) dismissal of his request for cancellation of
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
removal. In the context of cancellation, we lack jurisdiction to review the IJ’s or
BIA’s denials of discretionary relief, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i), but we retain
jurisdiction to review de novo questions of law, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D); Ridore
v. Holder, 696 F.3d 907, 911 (9th Cir. 2012). We dismiss in part and deny in part.
1. To the extent that Petitioner argues that the BIA applied the wrong legal
standard for evaluating “extreme and unusual hardship,” we have jurisdiction,
Mendez-Castro v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 975, 979 (9th Cir. 2009), and we disagree.
The BIA adopted the IJ’s reasoning and explained why it agreed with her decision.
The IJ evaluated the hardship to Petitioner’s children, both individually and in the
aggregate, considering numerous factors. Matter of Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I&N
Dec. 56, 63–64 (BIA 2001); Matter of Andazola-Rivas, 23 I&N Dec. 319, 323–24
(BIA 2002); Matter of Gonzalez Recinas, 23 I&N Dec. 467, 468–73 (BIA 2002).
The BIA’s decision noted that those factors included “relevant medical and
educational concerns, country conditions, and the resulting emotional and financial
consequences of removal.”
2. To the extent that Petitioner argues that the BIA erred by incorrectly
applying a correct legal standard to undisputed facts, we adopt the approach from
De La Rosa-Rodriguez v. Garland, 49 F.4th 1282 (9th Cir. 2022). There, we held
that “we can assume statutory jurisdiction arguendo” over whether the BIA
properly applied the legal standard for “extreme and unusual hardship” because
2
“the jurisdictional issue is complex, but the claim asserted clearly lacks merit.” 49
F.4th at 1291 (emphasis omitted). As there, we reject the claim on the merits.
Petitioner claims exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to his children, but
the record shows that Petitioner’s parents live in Guatemala, that his children can
speak Spanish and read and write some Spanish, and that none of his children
exhibited a physical or mental disability.
3. To the extent that Petitioner argues that the IJ abused his discretion by
failing to accept late evidence, we have jurisdiction, and reject that claim. See
Taggar v. Holder, 736 F.3d 886, 889 (9th Cir. 2013) (holding that we review for
abuse of discretion an IJ’s decision to deem documents waived as untimely under 8
C.F.R. § 1003.31, which applies to “the filing of all documents . . . before the
immigration courts”). The IJ set a reasonable deadline according to the guidelines
set forth in Chapter 3.1(b)(ii)(A) of the Immigration Court Practice Manual. See 8
C.F.R. § 1003.31(c) (“If an application or document is not filed within the time set
by the immigration judge, the opportunity to file that application or document shall
be deemed waived.”). Petitioner knew of the deadline, waited until the eve of the
hearing to file his additional evidence, and then filed using an alias the court did
not recognize. The IJ did not err by deciding that accepting the late-filed evidence
would prejudice the government.
3
4. We dismiss Petitioner’s constitutional claims because they are not
colorable. “[A]bsent a colorable legal or constitutional claim, we lack jurisdiction
to review the BIA’s discretionary determination that [Petitioner] failed to prove
that removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to his
children, who are United States citizens. Vilchiz-Soto v. Holder, 688 F.3d 642,
644 (9th Cir. 2012). First, Petitioner claims that his children were deprived of a
right to counsel. That claim fails because a petitioner’s family members do not
have standing to intervene in pending removal proceedings. Agosto v. Boyd, 443
F.2d 917, 917 (9th Cir. 1971) (per curiam). Next, Petitioner argues that the IJ’s
exclusion of exhibits and rejection of his witness list as untimely1 violated his due
process rights. That claim fails because Petitioner neglected to meet the reasonable
submission deadlines, which the original IJ had set pursuant to his discretion.
8 C.F.R. § 1003.31(h). Finally, Petitioner asserts that the substitute IJ erred when
she rendered a decision based only on her review of the record and rushed her
determination to meet an agency-imposed quota for decisions. Both of those
claims fail because the record does not support the assertion that the IJ rushed her
determination in this case. Rather, Petitioner simply recasts abuse-of-discretion
arguments as constitutional claims. See Torres-Aguilar v. INS, 246 F.3d 1267,
1
The IJ’s decision does not explicitly state that Exhibit 13 was rejected on
timeliness grounds. Nonetheless, we assume that the IJ rejected the exhibit on
those grounds given the parties’ arguments and the evidence in the record.
4
1271 (9th Cir. 2001) (holding that “a petitioner may not create the jurisdiction that
Congress chose to remove simply by cloaking an abuse of discretion argument in
constitutional garb”).
5. An incomplete initial Notice to Appear (“NTA”) did not divest the IJ of
jurisdiction. See United States v. Bastide-Hernandez, 39 F.4th 1187, 1191 (9th
Cir. 2022) (en banc) (holding that a failure to include the time and date on an NTA
does not strip the IJ of jurisdiction), cert. denied, No. 22-6281, 2023 WL 350056(U.S. Jan. 23, 2023). Thus, Petitioner did not continue to accrue physical presence
for the purpose of eligibility for cancellation.
PETITION DISMISSED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.
5