Henry Betancurt Cardoza v. Merrick Garland ( 2023 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 10 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
HENRY HERNAN BETANCURT No. 18-73298
CARDOZA,
Agency No. A070-639-974
Petitioner,
v. MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 10, 2023**
San Francisco, California
Before: FRIEDLAND, BADE, and KOH, Circuit Judges.
Henry Hernan Betancurt Cardoza (“Betancurt Cardoza”), a native and
citizen of Guatemala, petitions this court for review of a decision of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming the denial by an immigration judge (“IJ”)
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
of Betancurt Cardoza’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and
protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).1 We have jurisdiction
under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We dismiss the petition in part and deny in part.2
1. The BIA’s determination that Betancurt Cardoza did not show past
persecution on account of a protected ground is supported by substantial evidence.
Betancurt Cardoza argues that the threats and beatings he received as a minor for
his refusal to join either side in the Guatemalan civil war before he came to the
United States in 1990 constituted persecution. An army’s “attempts to force a
person to join” are not independently sufficient to show persecution on account of
a protected ground; an asylum applicant must show that the army selectively
recruited members of a protected group. See Pedro-Mateo v. I.N.S., 224 F.3d
1147, 1151 (9th Cir. 2000). Here, the BIA found that Betancurt Cardoza was
targeted not because of his age or his political decision to remain neutral but
because he was “physical[ly] presen[t] in the midst of the conflict.” The record
1
Betancurt Cardoza’s petition also challenges the IJ’s pretermission of his
application for cancellation of removal on account of a prior conviction. Because
Betancurt Cardoza did not challenge that pretermission decision before the BIA,
we lack jurisdiction to address it here. See Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674, 678
(9th Cir. 2004).
2
In light of our ruling, the motion for a stay of removal is denied as moot. The
temporary stay of removal will remain in place until the mandate issues.
2
does not compel a contrary conclusion.3
2. The BIA’s determination that Betancurt Cardoza did not establish a well-
founded fear of future persecution is also supported by substantial evidence.
Betancurt Cardoza testified that he feared that individuals in Guatemala were
looking for him to seek revenge for his failure to join either side in the Guatemalan
civil war and that he feared gangs, which sometimes extort people with relatives in
the United States. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that these
concerns, while genuine, lacked the requisite nexus to a protected ground and were
too speculative to establish an “objectively reasonable” fear of future persecution.
See Nagoulko v. I.N.S., 333 F.3d 1012, 1016 (9th Cir. 2003). Accordingly, we
deny the petition for review as to Betancurt Cardoza’s asylum and withholding of
removal claims. See Alvarez-Santos v. I.N.S., 332 F.3d 1245, 1255 (9th Cir. 2003)
(failure to satisfy “well-founded fear” standard for asylum precludes succeeding on
“more stringent” standard for withholding of removal).
3. Finally, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that
Betancurt Cardoza did not establish a clear probability that he would be tortured
with the consent or acquiescence of the Guatemalan government. As with the
asylum and withholding claims, Betancurt Cardoza’s concerns about the risks he
3
Because Betancurt Cardoza did not show past persecution on account of a
protected ground, he was not eligible for humanitarian asylum. See 8 C.F.R.
§ 1208.13(b)(1)(iii).
3
faces in Guatemala are too speculative to compel the conclusion that Betancurt
Cardoza is more likely than not to be tortured in Guatemala. See, e.g., Xiao Fei
Zheng v. Holder, 644 F.3d 829, 835–36 (9th Cir. 2011).
PETITION DENIED IN PART AND DISMISSED IN PART.
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